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## Meet the editor

Liat Klain-Gabbay obtained a PhD in Information Science from Bar Ilan University, Israel, in 2013. Her mixed methods research focused on academic libraries in the information age. She earned a MA in East Asian studies from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and completed a certificate program in language and culture at Soka University, Japan. She holds a BA in East Asian Studies and Special Education from Tel-Aviv University. Dr.

Klain-Gabbay earned her certificate in library and information science at Beit Berl College, Israel, and has worked for twelve years as an information specialist in the College of Management, Israel.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

(1760–1805)

**Section 3**

(1965–2015) *by John P. Williams*

*by Sylvanus Barnabas*

Identities in South African Fiction *by Maurice Taonezvzi Vambe*

*by Carina Fiedeldey-Van Dijk*

*by Cristián Perucci González*

*by Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias*

**Preface III**

Africa - Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 25**

America - Canada, Chile and Colombia **43**

**Chapter 3 45**

**Chapter 4 63**

**Chapter 5 81**

Asia - India **95**

**Chapter 6 97**

Stories of Milk, Honey and Bile: Representing Diasporic African Foreigner's

Feeding the Roots of Cultural Identity: Indigenous Wellness in Canada

Cultural Conception of Space and Development in the Colombian Amazon

Runaway Freedom: Fugitive Black Slaves' Destinies in Late Colonial Chile

Journey to America: South Asian Diaspora Migration to the United States

The Role of International Law in Protecting Land Rights of Indigenous

Peoples in Nigeria and Kenya: A Comparative Perspective

### Contents



Preface

According to the United Nations, there are an estimated 370–500 million indigenous people in the world, spread across 90 countries. They live in all geographic regions and represent 5000 different cultures. It is very important for indigenous people to preserve their identity, way of life, culture, tradition, and language. Indigenous people, aborigines, and minorities are usually poor, suffer from malnutrition, and often lack adequate social protection and economic resources. They often are exposed to abuse and discrimination, have difficulties preserving their culture and language, work for low wages, and do not have access to good educational systems or healthcare; life expectancy of indigenous people is as much as 20 years less than that of their non-indigenous counterparts. Of course, there are differences among countries regarding indigenous peoples and their situations; some groups fare bet-

Over five sections and nine chapters, this book explores indigenous and aboriginal life in different countries and continents. For example, Indians in the United States

The chapters represent different countries and exemplify the problems, ways of life, and human rights of indigenous people and other ethnic and marginalized groups. Chapters are written by authors from various disciplines and from different viewpoints, including international law, self-government, self-identity, legal status,

In general, we can understand that the status, educational systems, employment opportunities, and human rights of indigenous people, aborigines, ethnic groups, and minorities all over the world need to be changed. It is time to appreciate all people as human beings and not discriminate against them, their culture, their language, or their way of life. Openness and acceptance are especially important in this time of globalization, as the last several years have seen governmental changes, civilian wars, and the information revolution, all of which have led to an increase in

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the authors that wrote and contributed such interesting chapters for this book. I would also like to thank IntechOpen

**Liat Klain - Gabbay, PhD.**

Rishon – Lezion,

Israel

College of Management – Academic Studies,

for the opportunity to edit this interesting and important book.

and fugitive black slaves in Chile in the seventeenth century.

ter than others.

education, and so on.

refugees and migrants all over the world.
