2.1 Methodology

One of the most important highlights in research is that dictionaries develop in students the use of vocabulary and terminology with their true or multiple meanings [2]. The chapter uses both theoretical and empirical evidence to demonstrate how mathematics dictionary can influence students' understanding of geometrical vocabulary and terminology which is a challenge in geometry mostly. Research shows that the reason why most students fail geometry is due to lack of well-grounded knowledge on geometrical vocabulary and terminology and its abstractness [5]. Misunderstandings and alternative conceptions which are a result of lack of proper geometrical terminology are addressed when mathematics dictionary is integrated into the lesson. However, with the integration of mathematics dictionary in the lesson students are made to be focussed, this leads to enrichment and enhancement of the mathematical success of students now and in the future [2]. Students become focused since they get empowered with mathematical vocabulary and terminology which are the essential elements for understanding geometrical concepts. The integration of mathematics dictionary into the lesson also promotes the skill of information

Research has noted that one of the factors that act as a barrier to learning of mathematics by deaf or hard-of-hearing students is difficulties with language [6]. On the other hand, [7–9] argue that mathematics language and vocabulary also pose challenges to all students. The challenges are different from ordinary reading situations for the reason that they are more of mathematical terminological challenges. In support of the recent statement [10], a research study found out that the highest percentage of errors students committed emanated from the use of technical words in mathematics. According to [11–13], the improvement of mathematical vocabu-

However, research reveals that mathematical proficiency rests on a constant growth and balance of sophisticated components of critical element skills such as concepts, procedures, algorithms, computation, problem solving and language [14]. In order to explore the influence of mathematics dictionary on students' learning of geometry, the study was underpinned by [15] a model of geometric thinking. The

Level 0 of geometry thinking: visualisation. At this level, polygons are judged according to their visual characteristics where students may, for example,

Level 1 of geometry thinking: analysis. At this level, students through reflection and testing of geometric shapes' characteristics gradually develop and then

Level 2 of geometry thinking: abstraction. At this level, the learner has an ability to order figures and interpret them one from another using properties that are

they use the identified characteristics to define the given shapes.

Level 3 of geometry thinking: formal deduction. At this level a learner is considered to be at an advanced level of making meaning out of the given figures. For instance, the learner can prove situations with valid reasons.

Level 4 of geometry thinking: rigour. At this level, students have the ability to compare systems based on diverse axioms and can study geometric concepts

seeking which enhances self-dependent learning.

lary enhances students' mathematical proficiency.

judge a square as not being a parallelogram.

model is described as follows:

Metacognition in Learning

arranged chronologically.

abstractly (p. 311).

38

The main research study was informed by the mixed method paradigm defined by [17] as the unification of quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The mixed method approach has been utilised for the following reasons:


The emphasis is that the mixed method approach gives a wide range of opportunities to analyse the collected data.

The cohorts of 56 eighth grade volunteers wrote the diagnostic test with an aim:


iii. To help in designing appropriate intervention strategy that focuses on addressing the identified alternative conceptions among eighth grade students in learning geometry

Figure 1 shows that in the diagnostic test, all nine students involved in the research scored marks that were below 50%. However, after being engaged in the intervention activities that made use mathematics dictionary, all the students

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology

The results of the diagnostic test helped in the designing of the nine intervention tasks which were aimed at addressing the alternative conceptions and misunderstandings that students demonstrated in geometry. In each of the planned intervention activities, students were supposed to answer each one of the questions after measuring and comparing angles and sides of the given triangles using cut polygon

However, to be engaged in the activities, students were to use A4 paper where triangle ABC was drawn; alongside the A4 paper, the two copies of triangles ABC were provided to every learner. Figure 2 clarifies how the process of using the

In order to do the intervention activities as planned, students were supposed to answer each and every question after measuring and comparing angles and sides of the given triangles using the cutout polygon pieces. Mathematics dictionary was made available for the students to use during the process to support with vocabulary, spellings and terminology. After the intervention activities, all the nine students had to write a post-test. Table 1 shows how students improved their

responses in the post-test as compared to the diagnostic test.

The process of how the learners cut out polygon pieces during the intervention process.

scored above 60% in the post-test.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

original triangle and its copies was done.

pieces of the same triangle.

Figure 2.

41

#### 2.2 Diagnostic and post-test content

Both the diagnostic and post-test questions 1.1–1.5 each with its three subquestions were aligned to different levels of the van Hiele theory of geometric thinking as presented below.

Seven questions, 1.1(i), 1.2(i), 1.3(i) and (iii), 1.4(i) and (iii) and 1.5(i), were aligned to level 0 visualisation of the van Hiele theory. The questions at level 0 visualisation provided students with opportunities to use visual skills to determine the properties of triangles and also allowed them to recognise various triangles based on their unique properties.

Question 1.3(ii) considered to be at level 1 analysis of the van Hiele theory of geometric thinking focused on students' ability to identify a geometric shape's properties given all the symbols to describe it.

Six questions, 1.1(ii) and (iii), 1.2(ii) and (iii) and 1.4 (ii) and 1.5(ii) pitched at level 2 abstraction of the van Hiele theory of geometric thinking, required students to solve problems where properties of figures and interrelationships were significant [20].

Question 1.5(iii) was set at level 3 formal deduction of the van Hiele theory for students to think logically in order to provide the properties of the given triangle. The question at this level was set to assess whether how well the learner could give sufficient conditions of a triangle without the use of polygon pieces and mathematics dictionary. For details of the diagnostic and post-test content, refer to Appendix 1.

#### 2.3 Intervention and results

After the diagnostic test was marked, purposeful sampling of nine students was employed according to individual students' performance: three with a high percentage, three with an average percentage and three with a below average percentage. Purposeful sampling was done to target a small number of individuals in order to maximise opportunities for eliciting more in-depth data [21] about the influence of mathematics dictionary in the teaching and learning of geometry, which was the spectacle under study [22]. Figure 1 below presents how the selected nine students performed in both tests (diagnostic and post-test).

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

Figure 1 shows that in the diagnostic test, all nine students involved in the research scored marks that were below 50%. However, after being engaged in the intervention activities that made use mathematics dictionary, all the students scored above 60% in the post-test.

The results of the diagnostic test helped in the designing of the nine intervention tasks which were aimed at addressing the alternative conceptions and misunderstandings that students demonstrated in geometry. In each of the planned intervention activities, students were supposed to answer each one of the questions after measuring and comparing angles and sides of the given triangles using cut polygon pieces of the same triangle.

However, to be engaged in the activities, students were to use A4 paper where triangle ABC was drawn; alongside the A4 paper, the two copies of triangles ABC were provided to every learner. Figure 2 clarifies how the process of using the original triangle and its copies was done.

Figure 2.

iii. To help in designing appropriate intervention strategy that focuses on addressing the identified alternative conceptions among eighth grade

Both the diagnostic and post-test questions 1.1–1.5 each with its three subquestions were aligned to different levels of the van Hiele theory of geometric

Seven questions, 1.1(i), 1.2(i), 1.3(i) and (iii), 1.4(i) and (iii) and 1.5(i), were aligned to level 0 visualisation of the van Hiele theory. The questions at level 0 visualisation provided students with opportunities to use visual skills to determine the properties of triangles and also allowed them to recognise various triangles

Question 1.3(ii) considered to be at level 1 analysis of the van Hiele theory of geometric thinking focused on students' ability to identify a geometric shape's

Six questions, 1.1(ii) and (iii), 1.2(ii) and (iii) and 1.4 (ii) and 1.5(ii) pitched at level 2 abstraction of the van Hiele theory of geometric thinking, required students to solve problems where properties of figures and interrelationships were

Question 1.5(iii) was set at level 3 formal deduction of the van Hiele theory for students to think logically in order to provide the properties of the given triangle. The question at this level was set to assess whether how well the learner could give sufficient conditions of a triangle without the use of polygon pieces and mathematics dictionary.

After the diagnostic test was marked, purposeful sampling of nine students was employed according to individual students' performance: three with a high percentage, three with an average percentage and three with a below average percentage. Purposeful sampling was done to target a small number of individuals in order to maximise opportunities for eliciting more in-depth data [21] about the influence of mathematics dictionary in the teaching and learning of geometry, which was the spectacle under study [22]. Figure 1 below presents how the selected nine students

The comparison of diagnostic test and the post-tests results. DT, diagnostic test; PT, post-test; L, learner.

For details of the diagnostic and post-test content, refer to Appendix 1.

students in learning geometry

2.2 Diagnostic and post-test content

thinking as presented below.

Metacognition in Learning

based on their unique properties.

2.3 Intervention and results

significant [20].

Figure 1.

40

properties given all the symbols to describe it.

performed in both tests (diagnostic and post-test).

The process of how the learners cut out polygon pieces during the intervention process.

In order to do the intervention activities as planned, students were supposed to answer each and every question after measuring and comparing angles and sides of the given triangles using the cutout polygon pieces. Mathematics dictionary was made available for the students to use during the process to support with vocabulary, spellings and terminology. After the intervention activities, all the nine students had to write a post-test. Table 1 shows how students improved their responses in the post-test as compared to the diagnostic test.


L8: I did not understand the properties of an obtuse angled triangle. Even the slashes that are used to show that two opposite sides of an isosceles triangle are equal. I did not know the meaning of such slashes, but now after your programme it is clear to

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology

The four students cited above echo the sentiments that the use of mathematics dictionary in the learning of geometry has empowered them to understand some of the concepts that were a problem to them as they moved throughout the grades. They have emphasised that the definitions, symbols and properties of different triangles were also addressed in the process of engaging with the dictionary, issues

The citation by L8 shows how the integration of mathematics dictionary and polygon piece into their learning helped them to experience hands-on learning and

> Did students achieve questions in the DT at a given van Hiele level of geometric thinking?

Did students achieve questions in the PT at a given van Hiele level of geometric thinking?

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

No Yes

me, the dictionary and shape cutting helped me a lot.

that were identified by [10] as challenges for deaf students only.

Students' codes

and 8

and 9

5, 6, 7 and 8

6, 7 and 8

6, 7 and 8

and 9

and 9

and 9

and 9

and 9

6, 8 and 9

and 9

and 5

and 9

6, 7 and 8

Level 0 L: 3, 4, 5, 6

Level 2 L: 1, 3, 6, 7

Level 2 L: 1, 2, 3, 4,

Level 0 L: 1, 3, 4, 5,

Level 2 L: 2, 3, 4, 5,

Level 2 L: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7

Level 1 L: 2, 3, 7, 8

Level 0 L: 1, 3, 5, 6

Level 0 L: 3, 5, 6, 7, 8

Level 0 L: 1, 2, 3, 6, 8

Level 0 L: 1, 2, 3, 4

Level 2 L: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

Levels 0 and 3 L: 1, 2, 3, 5,

A summary of the students' responses to diagnostic test and post-test.

Levels 2 and 3 L: 1, 2, 3, 5,

Levels 0 and 3 L: 2, 5, 8

Question number in both DT and PT

1.1 (i) (ii) (iii)

1.2 (i) (ii) (iii)

1.3(i) (ii) (iii)

1.4(i) (ii) (iii)

1.5(i) (ii) (iii)

Table 2.

43

van Hiele's levels of geometric thinking for each of the questions

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

#### Table 1.

Students' responses to questions in both diagnostic test and post-test.

Table 1 shows how the use of mathematics dictionary enhanced students' comprehension of geometric concepts in the post-test as compared to the diagnostic test responses. To cite few examples, L1 and L7 when responding to questions 1.4(i) in a diagnostic test incorrectly answered, equal triangle, but after being engaged in the intervention activities that integrated mathematics dictionary the response was now correct, equilateral triangle.

After the intervention activities, all nine students were involved in a semistructure interview just to find out their views on the use of mathematics dictionary in learning geometry; below are some few direct quotations:

L3: I like the programme that made use of mathematics dictionary because it helped me to understand mathematics concepts that I did not understand before.

L4: Yes, sir, I got a clear picture because now I clearly understand the concepts of triangles and their properties.

L7: I have learnt that: in a scalene triangle all side are not equal, in an isosceles two opposite side are equal and there are two angles equal, an equilateral, all the angles are equal in size the same as the sides, they are equal in length and also how to spell correctly the names of triangles.

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

L8: I did not understand the properties of an obtuse angled triangle. Even the slashes that are used to show that two opposite sides of an isosceles triangle are equal. I did not know the meaning of such slashes, but now after your programme it is clear to me, the dictionary and shape cutting helped me a lot.

The four students cited above echo the sentiments that the use of mathematics dictionary in the learning of geometry has empowered them to understand some of the concepts that were a problem to them as they moved throughout the grades. They have emphasised that the definitions, symbols and properties of different triangles were also addressed in the process of engaging with the dictionary, issues that were identified by [10] as challenges for deaf students only.

The citation by L8 shows how the integration of mathematics dictionary and polygon piece into their learning helped them to experience hands-on learning and


#### Table 2.

A summary of the students' responses to diagnostic test and post-test.

Table 1 shows how the use of mathematics dictionary enhanced students' comprehension of geometric concepts in the post-test as compared to the diagnostic test responses. To cite few examples, L1 and L7 when responding to questions 1.4(i) in a diagnostic test incorrectly answered, equal triangle, but after being engaged in the intervention activities that integrated mathematics dictionary the response was

L6 1.4(i) It is triangular It is the equilateral triangle L7 14(i) It is an equal triangle Equilateral triangle L8 1.4(i) Triangular Equilateral triangle L9 1.3(iii) D is 4 cm and F is 3 cm Two angles are equal L9 1.4(i) Rectangle Equilateral Δ

Diagnostic test students' responses Post-test students'

L1 1.1(ii) AB, parallel; AC, horizontal; BC, horizontal The lines are not equal L1 1.4(i) Equal triangle Equilateral triangle L2 1.3(iii) The name of a triangle is DEF Isosceles triangle L2 1.4(iii) XY is bigger than YZ and XZ is bigger than XY XY is equal to YZ and XZ

L4 1.1(iii) A and B are equal and C is less than A and B It is a scalene triangle L4 1.2(iii) Triangular prism It is a scalene triangle L4 1.5(i) It is an equilateral triangle because all sides are equal Isosceles triangle

L5 1.2(iii) 2 dimensional shapes Scalene triangle L5 1.3(iii) 2 dimensional shapes It is a scalene triangle L5 1.4(i) 2D shape Equilateral triangle L5 1.5(i) 2D shape Isosceles triangle L5 1.5(ii) They were not equal, and they are used to make a shape They are equal in size

L3 1.1(ii) It is small side and A bigger side AC small bigger from A to another A deduce about size

A is bigger than C

L6 1.1(iii) AB are associated, AC are the convection and BC are

associated

Students' responses to questions in both diagnostic test and post-test.

responses

A^ is smaller than C^

A^ is smaller than C^

It is the scalene triangle

After the intervention activities, all nine students were involved in a semistructure interview just to find out their views on the use of mathematics dictionary

L3: I like the programme that made use of mathematics dictionary because it helped me to understand mathematics concepts that I did not understand before.

L4: Yes, sir, I got a clear picture because now I clearly understand the concepts of

L7: I have learnt that: in a scalene triangle all side are not equal, in an isosceles two opposite side are equal and there are two angles equal, an equilateral, all the angles are equal in size the same as the sides, they are equal in length and also how to spell

in learning geometry; below are some few direct quotations:

now correct, equilateral triangle.

Table 1.

42

Learner code

Question number

Metacognition in Learning

L5 1.1(i) A^ is longer than C^

triangles and their properties.

correctly the names of triangles.

visualisation of geometric concepts before the answer was established. However, it is apparent that students gained other skills in the process of using dictionary and cutting polygon pieces, for example, the skills of looking up for a word in the dictionary, observation skills, psychomotor skills (established as they were cutting the angles and line segments) and measurement skills (as they were comparing one angle to another and one line segment to another). The intervention activities students engaged in made them to realise that learning is about active participation. In the process students gained the knowledge of how to use mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces to learn about geometry, which is a component of metacognition. However, students came to realise that properties of triangles are established through hands-on and self-dependent learning mediated by mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces.

independently devised a way of cutting line segments, so that they were not halfway cut. Half-way cut line segment could not give students opportunity to execute the task of finding properties of triangles in terms of line dimensions. Each and every response was established through practical investigation and solution written

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology

How the use of mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces nurtured the students' independent learning is reflected in how most students responded to the post-test. Figure 2 attests to this. The errors that students committed in the diagnostics test, for example, spellings and failing to name triangles properly, after they were engaged in the use of the mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces were corrected in the post-test (refer to Table 1). This chapter contributes additional evidence that suggested how the dictionary and polygon pieces can be integrated into teaching and learning to promote independent learning. However, I highly recommend that mathematics teachers integrate the use of mathematics dictionary

My sincere gratitude should go to the following for helping me to make it during

My supervisor Prof. N.N. Feza for the guidance during the main research study. My research site principal, HOD for mathematics, staff, school governing board and the parents for granting me permission to conduct the research at their school. The research participants (students) who sacrificed and committed their time to

The UNISA for granting me with an opportunity to study and for the bursary

I declare that no financial or personal relationships have inappropriately

This chapter was prepared by Dr. S.M. Chiphambo who has the capacity as a researcher. The views expressed in the submitted chapter are solely the author's findings of the research conducted and do not reflect official views or position of

iii. Provide your answers on the spaces provided under each question.

down; hence, this promoted independent learning.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

attend to my programme after school for 2 weeks.

and polygon pieces into their lessons.

that I received to support my studies.

influenced me in writing this book chapter.

any academic institution or funder.

i. Answer all the questions.

Appendix 1. Diagnostic and post-test content

Acknowledgements

the main research study:

Conflict of interest

Disclaimer

Instructions

ii. Write neatly.

45

A summarised version of students' results per question is presented in Table 2.

Table 2 presented shows how each of the students managed to achieve questions at various levels of van Hiele theory of geometric thinking after utilising mathematics dictionary in their learning. The questions were set to test students' geometrical proficiency which includes geometric vocabulary, terminology and conceptual understanding. As shown in Table 2, no learner managed to perform at the set level in the diagnostic test; these results are in agreement with those of [13] who found out that the comprehension of mathematical language enhances mathematical proficiency in students. This implies that if a learner's geometrical vocabulary is not clear, he/she cannot be able to perform well in geometry.

To improve students' understanding of geometry, it calls for teachers to integrate mathematics dictionary into teaching and learning. The integration of dictionary into the teaching and learning of geometry can help to deal with the five common problem areas identified by [10] as prevalent cases in deaf students: "words with multiple meanings, technical vocabulary, words with specialized importance in mathematics, varied but related forms; and abbreviations and specialized symbols" (p. 419). Yet, in reality the challenges are also dominant in all other students.

#### 3. Conclusion

This chapter has given an empirical and theoretical account of and the reasons for the need to integrate mathematics dictionary into the teaching and learning of geometry. The study has established that students' independent learning and understanding of geometrical vocabulary and terminology were heavily influenced by the use of mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces mentioned in Figure 2. The integration of the two, mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces, into teaching and learning helped students to modify their way of learning geometrical vocabulary and terminology unlike in a traditional classroom where no hands-on learning tasks are executed. However, the availability of the dictionary in the lesson made students aware that once they were stuck with understanding of geometric vocabulary and terminology, mathematics dictionary had the answers. During the lesson students would make use of mathematics dictionary without being told what to do with it.

As highlighted in Figure 2, the use of polygon pieces also promoted independent learning in students in the sense that they were engaged in the cutting of line segments and angles of a particular triangle in order to establish its properties. The cutting and measuring of line segments and angles promote independent learning for the reason that no student was told how an isosceles or a scalene triangle looks like. No student was told how to do the cutting of polygon pieces; each one

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

independently devised a way of cutting line segments, so that they were not halfway cut. Half-way cut line segment could not give students opportunity to execute the task of finding properties of triangles in terms of line dimensions. Each and every response was established through practical investigation and solution written down; hence, this promoted independent learning.

How the use of mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces nurtured the students' independent learning is reflected in how most students responded to the post-test. Figure 2 attests to this. The errors that students committed in the diagnostics test, for example, spellings and failing to name triangles properly, after they were engaged in the use of the mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces were corrected in the post-test (refer to Table 1). This chapter contributes additional evidence that suggested how the dictionary and polygon pieces can be integrated into teaching and learning to promote independent learning. However, I highly recommend that mathematics teachers integrate the use of mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces into their lessons.

#### Acknowledgements

visualisation of geometric concepts before the answer was established. However, it is apparent that students gained other skills in the process of using dictionary and cutting polygon pieces, for example, the skills of looking up for a word in the dictionary, observation skills, psychomotor skills (established as they were cutting the angles and line segments) and measurement skills (as they were comparing one angle to another and one line segment to another). The intervention activities students engaged in made them to realise that learning is about active participation. In the process students gained the knowledge of how to use mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces to learn about geometry, which is a component of metacognition. However, students came to realise that properties of triangles are established through hands-on and self-dependent learning mediated by mathematics dictionary

A summarised version of students' results per question is presented in Table 2. Table 2 presented shows how each of the students managed to achieve questions at various levels of van Hiele theory of geometric thinking after utilising mathematics dictionary in their learning. The questions were set to test students' geometrical proficiency which includes geometric vocabulary, terminology and conceptual understanding. As shown in Table 2, no learner managed to perform at the set level in the diagnostic test; these results are in agreement with those of [13] who found out that the comprehension of mathematical language enhances mathematical proficiency in students. This implies that if a learner's geometrical vocabulary is not

To improve students' understanding of geometry, it calls for teachers to integrate mathematics dictionary into teaching and learning. The integration of dictionary into the teaching and learning of geometry can help to deal with the five common problem areas identified by [10] as prevalent cases in deaf students: "words with multiple meanings, technical vocabulary, words with specialized importance in mathematics, varied but related forms; and abbreviations and specialized symbols" (p. 419). Yet, in reality the challenges are also dominant in all

This chapter has given an empirical and theoretical account of and the reasons for the need to integrate mathematics dictionary into the teaching and learning of geometry. The study has established that students' independent learning and understanding of geometrical vocabulary and terminology were heavily influenced by the use of mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces mentioned in Figure 2. The integration of the two, mathematics dictionary and polygon pieces, into teaching and learning helped students to modify their way of learning geometrical vocabulary and terminology unlike in a traditional classroom where no hands-on learning tasks are executed. However, the availability of the dictionary in the lesson made students aware that once they were stuck with understanding of geometric vocabulary and terminology, mathematics dictionary had the answers. During the lesson students would

As highlighted in Figure 2, the use of polygon pieces also promoted independent

make use of mathematics dictionary without being told what to do with it.

learning in students in the sense that they were engaged in the cutting of line segments and angles of a particular triangle in order to establish its properties. The cutting and measuring of line segments and angles promote independent learning for the reason that no student was told how an isosceles or a scalene triangle looks like. No student was told how to do the cutting of polygon pieces; each one

clear, he/she cannot be able to perform well in geometry.

and polygon pieces.

Metacognition in Learning

other students.

3. Conclusion

44

My sincere gratitude should go to the following for helping me to make it during the main research study:

My supervisor Prof. N.N. Feza for the guidance during the main research study. My research site principal, HOD for mathematics, staff, school governing board

and the parents for granting me permission to conduct the research at their school. The research participants (students) who sacrificed and committed their time to attend to my programme after school for 2 weeks.

The UNISA for granting me with an opportunity to study and for the bursary that I received to support my studies.

#### Conflict of interest

I declare that no financial or personal relationships have inappropriately influenced me in writing this book chapter.

#### Disclaimer

This chapter was prepared by Dr. S.M. Chiphambo who has the capacity as a researcher. The views expressed in the submitted chapter are solely the author's findings of the research conducted and do not reflect official views or position of any academic institution or funder.

#### Appendix 1. Diagnostic and post-test content

Instructions


Question 1. Study the 2D figures below and then answer the questions that. follow:

1.1

i. Write down the size of each of the following angles D^ and F^.

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology

equal and the longest of all.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409

1.4

1.5

47

iii. What name is given to triangle DEF?

i. What type of a triangle is drawn above?

ii. Determine the size of X^ , Y^ and Z^.

i. What name is given to triangle PQR?

ii. What is the relationship between Q^ and P^?

iii. What can you conclude about the properties of triangle PQR?

equal and the longest of all.

ii. Determine the length of EF, DE and DF; use terms like shorter, longer than,

iii. Write down the length of XY, YZ and XZ; use terms like shorter, longer than,


1.2

i. What are the properties of the triangle GHI in terms of G^ , H^ and ^I?

ii. Determine the properties of triangle GHI in terms of GH, HI andGI.

iii. What name is given to a triangle with such properties?

1.3

Mathematics Dictionary: Enhancing Students' Geometrical Vocabulary and Terminology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86409


1.4

Question 1.

Metacognition in Learning

follow:

1.1

1.2

1.3

46

Study the 2D figures below and then answer the questions that.

i. What can you deduce about the sizes of A^ and C^?

shape with the properties mentioned above?

ii. What are the properties of triangle ABC in terms of AB, AC and BC?

i. What are the properties of the triangle GHI in terms of G^ , H^ and ^I?

ii. Determine the properties of triangle GHI in terms of GH, HI andGI.

iii. What name is given to a triangle with such properties?

iii. According to answers in 1.1. (i) and (ii), what specific name is given to a


1.5


Metacognition in Learning
