Preface

Parallel to the physical space in our world, there exists cyberspace. In the physical space there are interactions between humans and nature that produce products and services. On the other hand, in cyberspace there are interactions between humans and computers that also produce products and services. Yet, the products and services in cyberspace don't materialize—they are electronic, they are millions of bits and bytes that are being transferred over cyberspace infrastructure.

In cyberspace, just like in physical space, essential elements of interactions such as sellers, buyers, consumers, employees, students, universities, shops, and organizations do exist. But since the realm is cyberonic, a need for the imagination is essential. The idea of cyberspace is relatively new to this world, hence the need for the imagination.

This book is composed of 10 chapters that are presented in three sections. The first section, *Internet & Communications,* discusses the topic in four chapters: 5G Road Map to Communication Revolution, Cyberspace as New Existential Dimension of Human, Research and Design Methodology, and Cyberspace as New Life. The second section, *New Technologies,* is composed of three chapters: Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Image Processing. The third section, *Data Mining in Cyberspace*, is composed of three chapters: Text Mining that Facilitates Domain Knowledge Discovery, Tagging and Tag Recommendation, and Classifications of Posts on Social Media.

**II**

**Section 3**

Data Mining in Cyberspace **119**

**Chapter 8 121**

**Chapter 9 135**

**Chapter 10 149**

Text Mining to Facilitate Domain Knowledge Discovery

Classification Model for Bullying Posts Detection

*by Fabiano M. Belém, Jussara M. Almeida and Marcos A. Gonçalves*

*by Chengbin Wang and Xiaogang Ma*

Tagging and Tag Recommendation

*by K. Nalini and L. Jabasheela*

**Evon Abu-Taieh and Issam H. Al Hadid** The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan

> **Abdelkarim El Mouatasim** Ibn Zohr University, Ouarzazate, Morocco

**1**

Section 1

Internet and

Communications

Section 1
