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**7** 

*Spain* 

**Magnetic Sensors for** 

**Biomedical Applications** 

Guillermo Rivero, Marta Multigner and Jorge Spottorno *Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)* 

The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the applications of magnetic and

Over the last century, life expectancy on our planet has experienced a remarkable increase. That is if we exclude those regions ravaged by war and those others in which the population lives, or more probably survives, under conditions that we would not tolerate. In Europe this increase has been spectacular. Average life expectancy has reached 80 years old among the male population and even more for the female population and the tendency is upward. However, this has caused important health problems, as our bodies are not usually

As a result, so-called substitution surgery is now taking up an increasing percentage of the operations performed in hospitals; such as bone prostheses for hips, knees and teeth, implants for eyes and ears and artificial sphincters and penises. Besides this, it is necessary to make periodic analyses in order to test that the levels of glucose, and cholesterol, etc. are correct. So, the application of magnetism in Biomedicine covers a wide field of devices, from sensors to determine the concentration of several elements in the blood to prostheses, both

Apart from all the above, some experimental treatments also use magnetic sensors or actuators. For example, magnetic nanoparticles are used for hyperthermia treatments against tumour cells or for drug delivery. In addition, much more sophisticated and expensive treatments, like magneto encephalography techniques, use magnetic elements.

In this chapter we are going to describe a small number of devices, some of which are now being researched. They are divided in two categories: magnetic sensors and magnetic

prepared to function for such a long time without repairs and/or replacements.

**1. Introduction** 

magnetoelastic sensors and actuators in Biomedicine.

active and passive, for replacing organs or articulations.

In situ measurement of the mass evolution of cell culture

Magnetic endoluminal artificial urinary sphincter

Sensor system for early detection of heart valve bio prostheses failure

actuators, according to the following scheme:

Test of blood coagulation

Magnetic Sensors

Magnetic Actuators

