**4.2 Key roles of LOX2**

*Plant Science - Structure, Anatomy and Physiology in Plants Cultured in Vivo and in Vitro*

The biosynthetic pathway of jasmonates (**Figure 4**) was identified in Year 1984.

The scientists Vick and Zimmerman [17] were the first to illustrate the biosynthetic pathway in a simplified manner which indicated that linolenic acid could be converted into the cyclopentanone 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-oxo-PDA) through lipoxygenase enzyme. Methodically the pathway was studied in model plants like Arabidopsis and tomato. The octadecanoid pathway of Jasmonates completes in two cellular organelles such as chloroplasts and peroxisomes and are considered to be the primary sites [7, 18]. α-Linolenic acid (α-LeA) released from galactolipids (due to wounding or pathogens attack) of chloroplast membranes is found to be the main player of MeJA and JA production [12]. Phospholipases1 (PL1), lipoxygenase, allene oxide synthase, and allene oxide cyclase (AOC) are

**4. Biosynthesis of jasmonates: the octadecanoid pathway**

significant enzymes involved in biosynthesis of jasmonates.

*Step wise pathway of jasmonates biosynthesis. Source: Ahmad et al., [16].*

**50**

**Figure 4.**

