**8. Breast-cancer-derived extracellular vesicles**

In breast cancer, EVs can play two essential roles "diagnosis biomarkers" or "therapeutic targets." Thus, breast cancer induces the release of exosomes from salivary glands, being potential markers for early diagnosis [130]. Interestingly, EVs serve as a cargo not only for nucleic acids and proteins, but also for anticancer drugs. Considering the critical contribution of EVs in facilitating tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance [130], they could be considered as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.

Moreover, the analysis of EVs can help to distinguish the "degree of aggressiveness" in breast cancer. To detail, EVs derived from the aggressive human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line, but not from the less invasive human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line, were demonstrated to induce platelet activation and aggregation by tissue factor-independent and tissue factor-dependent procoagulant activities [131]. EVs have been demonstrated to be involved in the cross talk between neighboring cancer cells and to transmit phenotypic aggressive traits from one cell to another. To date, EVs released by Hs578Ts(i)8 triple-negative breast cancer cells were able to increase the invasion, proliferation, and migration characteristics of Hs578T cells [132].
