Contents


Preface

Gyroscopes have been part of our lives for a long time. They have been used as toys in our childhood, and as navigation tools to equip our spacecraft, aircraft, vehicles, vessels, and even our smartphones to make our lives safe and comfortable. Stone tops have been excavated from the Neolithic sites in Xia County, Shanxi, China. It can be seen that gyroscopes have a history of at least four or five thousand years. A top belongs to the mechanical gyroscope, which is the most common or familiar type of gyroscope. A mechanical gyroscope spins on a point when it is turned around very quickly. However, the name "gyroscope" did not appear until in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was created by a French physicist, Jean-Bernard-Léon Foucault, by joining two Greek roots: gyros meaning "circle or rotation" and skopeein meaning "to see." Since then the field of gyroscopes has been maintaining a momentum of vigorous development and expansion, influenced by new applications of the latest scientific and technological innovations. New types of gyroscopes and new applications are springing up

This book reviews recent topics on gyroscopes. Chapter 1 briefly introduces the history of gyroscopes, and presents a concise analysis of four main types of gyroscope: mechanical gyroscope, ring laser gyroscope, fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG), and MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) gyroscope. The dynamic future of new gyroscopes based on new principles and technologies is also presented.

Chapter 2 analyzes the classical structure and main performance parameters of the interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) and the integrated optics passive-resonator gyroscope (IORG). The main advanced models and performance parameters of these two types of inertial sensors are described and the design trends of both types are forecast. The chapter demonstrates that IFOGs have higher resolution performance than resonant fiber-optic gyroscopes and IORGs. IORG technology has experienced a vigorous development and refinement, and yet its performance is still at least one order of magnitude worse than that demanded by navigation applications. An improvement in this kind of

Chapter 3 reviews the developmental progress of FOGs, and also introduces their basic principles and application areas. The authors analyze the characteristics of the three classical types of FOGs: interferometric FOGs, resonant FOGs, and stimulated Brillouin scattering FOGs. The chapter presents a comparative analysis of the development and research situation of FOGs in the United States, Japan, France, and other major developing countries, and compares the application of FOGs in various international companies. The developmental trends and key

In Chapter 4, low-cost MEMS gyroscope noise behavior is characterized using an ARMA autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) model. A linear Sage Husa adaptive fading Kalman filter based on an ARMA (2, 1) model with adaptive transitive factors is introduced to reduce the drift and random noise of MEMS gyroscopes.

gyroscope is needed to realize a significant impact on the market.

technological breakthroughs of FOGs are also forecast.

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