**2. Materials and methods**

#### **2.1 Study area**

The geographical Jhelum River basin situated at 33.14°N and 73.64°E. The drainage area of the basin is 33,867 km<sup>2</sup> . It originates from Pir Panjale from the North-Western Part of the great Himalayan range and gets significant contributions to the flow from its tributaries. Kunhar and Neelum River fall in Jhelum River at Muzaffarabad. Poonch and Kanshi join the Jhelum at Mangla reservoir [46]. It is the Trans Boundary River between Pakistan and India. 56% of the area of the rivers occurred in India [47]. Jhelum River basin lays 25% under maximum snow accumulation. The dataset for the basin was collected from the Surface Water Hydrology Project (SWHP) from 1981 to 2012. It is mainly affected by monsoon rainfall. During the summer season, rain shadow of the Himalayas range makes Eastern Himalayan chronicles [48–50]. The rainfall station and flow station are shown in **Figure 1**. Western disturbance starts from December, and the moon soon starts

**Figure 1.** *Study area.*

from June to September in every year [51]. The rainfall decreases from the northern part to the eastern region. The annual rainfall found to vary from 70—135% [52, 53]. Astor station also considered as previous researchers used for analysis [54].
