**1.1 Trend in global aquaculture production**

The global growth rate of aquaculture for more than 50 years has been dynamic and encouraging. Its average annual growth rate between 1970 and 2000 was 9.2%, compared to only 2.8% for terrestrial farmed meat production systems [1]. Freshwater fish farming is on the increase globally for the production of fishfood [7]. The story is not different from what is obtained from the marine waters. Fishfood production from the marine waters has increased from 32% in 1991 to 36% in 2000. Production from the marine and brackishwater represents a higher proportion of the global total value of aquaculture than in freshwater (54% in 1991 and 51% in 2000). Of the total foodfish produced from marine and brackishwater in 2000, 81% was from Asia, while 11% was produced in Europe. The value of 35.6 million tonnes of fishfood (fish, crustaceans, and mollusks) produced in 2000 was estimated to be US\$ 51 billion. Significant proportion of the production (89%) valued at US\$ 40.8 billion was produced by Asian farmers. This was an indication that Asia appears to be dominating aquaculture production globally [7] (**Table 1**).

Global foodfish production from aquaculture in 2016 witnessed a meteoric increase from 25.7 to 46.8%. Aquaculture production (aquatic plants included) in 2016 was 110.2 million tonnes, valued at estimated US\$ 243.5 billion. This production statistics comprise of 80.0 million tonnes of foodfish valued at


**171**

in 2016.

total production in 2016.

**Table 1.**

*percentage of world total).*

*The Role of International Donors in Aquaculture Development in Africa*

US\$ 231.6 billion and 30.1 million tonnes of aquatic plants valued at US\$ 11.7 billion, in addition was 37,900 tonnes of non-food products valued at US\$ 214.6 million. Production statistics from farmed food fish was 54.1 million tonnes of finfish (USD 138.5 billion), 17.1 million tonnes of mollusks (USD 29.2 billion), 7.9 million tonnes of crustaceans (USD 57.1 billion), and 938,500 tonnes of other aquatic animals (USD 6.8 billion) such as turtles, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, frogs, and edible jellyfish. The aquatic plants captured in the production data compose mainly seaweeds and some volume of microalgae while the non-food products were mainly ornamental shells and pearls. The production statistics presented in this review are incomplete, as about 35–40% of the producing countries did not report to FAO and this has made it impossible to present a more detailed information on the status and development trends of world aquaculture. Information presented in this review was based on the data FAO received from 120 nations in 2016. This data represent 84.3% (67.5 million tonnes, aquatic plants excluded) of foodfish produced by volume globally; this includes production from China. According to FAO, production figure for the non-reporting countries was estimated at 15.1% (12.1 million tonnes) of the

*Aquaculture food fish production by region and selected major (1995–2016) producers (thousand tonnes;* 

**Region/selected countries 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016** Rest of Europe 121 157 201 240 297 327

Oceania 94 122 152 187 186 210

World 24,383 32,418 44,298 58,962 76,054 80,031

0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4%

0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3%

Inland, marine, and coastal waters contribute significantly to global aquaculture production volumes. Inland fish farming, which is practiced in freshwater environment using different culture facilities, was the source of 51.4 million tonnes (64.2%) of the world's farmed foodfish production—the 2016 production was higher than the 57.9% reported for 2000. Finfish farming still dominates inland aquaculture, accounting for 92.5% (47.5 million tonnes) of total production from inland aquaculture. This production has however dropped when compared to 97.2% reported in 2000; this is believed to be caused by high interest in the farming of other species such as shrimps, crayfish, and crabs by farmers in Asia. Most of the data obtained from several major producing countries in East and Southeast Asia are for finfish farmed in marine cages and coastal ponds. Asia is the most productive continent in marine and brackishwater environment (12.2 million tonnes) and China was the highest producing country in the continent producing 9.4 million tonnes in total production. The annual average rate of growth in the production of food fish in marine waters between 1991 and 2000 was 12.6% and this was greater than what was obtained in other environments. The growth rate in the brackishwater was much less at 4.2%. For mariculture and coastal aquaculture combined, FAO reported 28.7 million tonnes of fishfood valued at US\$ 67.4 billion

In sharp contrast to the dominance of finfish in inland aquaculture, shelled mollusks (16.9 million tonnes) constitute 58.8% of the combined production of marine

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86569*


*The Role of International Donors in Aquaculture Development in Africa DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86569*

**Table 1.**

*Regional Development in Africa*

Northern Africa, excluding

Sub-Sahara Africa, Excluding

Rest of Latin America and the

Egypt

Nigeria

Caribbean

**Region/selected countries 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016** Africa 110 400 646 1286 1772 1982

Egypt 72 340 540 920 1175 1371

Nigeria 17 26 56 201 317 307

Americas 920 1423 2177 2514 3274 3348

Chile 157 392 724 701 1046 1035

North America 479 585 669 659 613 645

Asia 21,678 28,423 39,188 52,452 67,881 71,546

China mainland 15,856 21,522 28,121 36,734 47,053 40,244

India 1659 1943 2967 3786 5260 5700

Indonesia 641 789 1197 2305 4343 4950

Vietnam 381 499 1437 2683 3438 3625

Bangladesh 317 657 882 1309 2060 2204

Rest of Asia 2824 3014 4584 5636 5726 5824

Europe 1581 2051 2135 2523 2941 2945

Norway 278 491 662 1020 1381 1326

EU-28 1183 1403 1272 1263 1264 1292

0.5% 1.2% 1.5% 2.2% 2.3% 2.5%

0.3% 1.1% 1.2% 1.6% 1.5% 1.7%

4 5 7 10 21 23

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4%

17 29 43 156 259 281

0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4%

3.8% 4.4% 4.9% 4.3% 4.3% 4.2%

0.6% 1.2% 1.6% 1.2% 1.4% 1.3%

284 447 785 1154 1615 1667

1.2% 1.4% 1.8% 2.0% 2.1% 2.1%

2.0% 1.8% 1.5% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8%

88.9% 87.7% 88.5% 81.0% 89.3% 89.4%

65.0% 66.4% 63.5% 62.3% 61.9% 61.5%

6.8% 6.0% 6.7% 6.4% 6.9% 7.1%

2.6% 2.4% 2.7% 3.9% 5.7% 6.2%

1.6% 1.5% 3.2% 4.6% 4.5% 4.5%

1.3% 2.0% 2.0% 2.2% 2.7% 2.8%

11.6% 9.3% 10.4% 9.6% 7.5% 7.3%

6.5% 6.3% 4.8% 4.3% 3.9% 3.7%

1.1% 1.5% 1.5% 1.7% 1.8% 1.7%

4.9% 4.3% 2.9% 2.1% 1.7% 1.6%

**170**

*Aquaculture food fish production by region and selected major (1995–2016) producers (thousand tonnes; percentage of world total).*

US\$ 231.6 billion and 30.1 million tonnes of aquatic plants valued at US\$ 11.7 billion, in addition was 37,900 tonnes of non-food products valued at US\$ 214.6 million. Production statistics from farmed food fish was 54.1 million tonnes of finfish (USD 138.5 billion), 17.1 million tonnes of mollusks (USD 29.2 billion), 7.9 million tonnes of crustaceans (USD 57.1 billion), and 938,500 tonnes of other aquatic animals (USD 6.8 billion) such as turtles, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, frogs, and edible jellyfish. The aquatic plants captured in the production data compose mainly seaweeds and some volume of microalgae while the non-food products were mainly ornamental shells and pearls. The production statistics presented in this review are incomplete, as about 35–40% of the producing countries did not report to FAO and this has made it impossible to present a more detailed information on the status and development trends of world aquaculture. Information presented in this review was based on the data FAO received from 120 nations in 2016. This data represent 84.3% (67.5 million tonnes, aquatic plants excluded) of foodfish produced by volume globally; this includes production from China. According to FAO, production figure for the non-reporting countries was estimated at 15.1% (12.1 million tonnes) of the total production in 2016.

Inland, marine, and coastal waters contribute significantly to global aquaculture production volumes. Inland fish farming, which is practiced in freshwater environment using different culture facilities, was the source of 51.4 million tonnes (64.2%) of the world's farmed foodfish production—the 2016 production was higher than the 57.9% reported for 2000. Finfish farming still dominates inland aquaculture, accounting for 92.5% (47.5 million tonnes) of total production from inland aquaculture. This production has however dropped when compared to 97.2% reported in 2000; this is believed to be caused by high interest in the farming of other species such as shrimps, crayfish, and crabs by farmers in Asia. Most of the data obtained from several major producing countries in East and Southeast Asia are for finfish farmed in marine cages and coastal ponds. Asia is the most productive continent in marine and brackishwater environment (12.2 million tonnes) and China was the highest producing country in the continent producing 9.4 million tonnes in total production. The annual average rate of growth in the production of food fish in marine waters between 1991 and 2000 was 12.6% and this was greater than what was obtained in other environments. The growth rate in the brackishwater was much less at 4.2%. For mariculture and coastal aquaculture combined, FAO reported 28.7 million tonnes of fishfood valued at US\$ 67.4 billion in 2016.

In sharp contrast to the dominance of finfish in inland aquaculture, shelled mollusks (16.9 million tonnes) constitute 58.8% of the combined production of marine and coastal aquaculture. Finfish (6.6 million tonnes) and crustaceans (4.8 million tonnes) together were responsible for 39.9%.
