2. Materials and method

#### 2.1 Materials

These natural rock samples were obtained from the companies operating a quarry in Afyon. The surface of each series was adjusted with the cutting process as a square (30 by 30-cm) and 1 cm thickness. Furthermore, these rock samples were polished on one side. Table 1 shows sample code, pertographic name, dimensions, main modal compositions, sample number and surface processing of the rocks used in the test.


Force and Specific Energy in Natural Rocks Cutting by Four-Axis Machine DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85622

Table 1.

natural stone blocks, diamond wire cutting and chain arm cutting machines are widely used in factories, plates and panels manufacturing in the production of block

CNC machine is used to process natural stone blocks and wastes in 3D design products to be used in buildings. Many studies have been found on the Cf in circular saws depending on the physicomechanical properties of natural rocks, modeling of the Se and socket [19–23], the definition of the theoretical chip geometry [24], and connections between tangential cutting force and chip thickness [25–27]. Some other studies address the effect of processing parameters on tool wear [28–31], the modeling of natural stone cutting with diamond cutting tools [32] and specific grinding energy of chip samples under a scanning microscope [33] in order to determine specific cutting energy and power consumption [34, 35]. Energy and the type of cutting mechanism used in the production of end products from natural rocks lead to the wear of cutting tools. Energy consumption and wear of cutting edges are the important factors affecting processing costs. These factors should be efficiently to reduce processing costs. It is therefore important to determine the cutting performance of natural rocks according to their characteristics. Cut tools should be selected carefully and performance forecast should be proper in order to improve the processing efficiency of natural rocks and reduce costs. Different from the manufacture of plates and panels in which gangsaw and cutter ST are deep cut on the x (length), z (depth) axis, this process requires few depth cut and precision tools with a CNC machine on the x (length), y (width) and z (depth) axis. Cf, Sc and wear of diamond cut tools have a low spindle and Va in the processability of rocks in the CNC machine with internally cooled cut tools. Carbide coated end mills tools are widely used in the natural stones sectors. In addition, the number of studies on parameters affecting the processability of natural rocks in the CNC machine is less [36–40]. This study investigated the relationship between the values of the Cf, Se and Sc obtained from the processing of rocks using CNC, and related parameters (i.e., cutting parameters and physicomechanical properties). Cf, Se and Sc values

depending on the dp and Va of natural rocks have been analyzed (ANOVA) statistically. Results show that 1.0, 1.2 and 1.6 mm at the dp and 2000, 2500, 3000 mm/ min at the Va are important cutting parameters in the processability of natural rocks. Regression models were developed for the estimation of Cf, Se and Sc of the with measured by power and load meter tester. Regression analyses were performed to determine the optimum relationship between the Cf, Se and Sc dependent variable and physicomechanical properties independent variable in three different groups of natural rocks. Regression models developed in this study can be used by planners and natural stone manufacturing companies for cost analysis and mill cut tool processing programs in natural rocks. We recommend that it be considered in further studies use a larger database to analyze the possibility of regression analyses

the Cf, Se and Sc any of the physico-mechanical parameters of natural rocks.

These natural rock samples were obtained from the companies operating a quarry in Afyon. The surface of each series was adjusted with the cutting process as a square (30 by 30-cm) and 1 cm thickness. Furthermore, these rock samples were polished on one side. Table 1 shows sample code, pertographic name, dimensions, main modal compositions, sample number and surface processing of the rocks used

2. Materials and method

2.1 Materials

in the test.

12

cutter ST and gangsaw machines [9–18].

Earth Crust

Characteristics of natural rocks used in experimental tests.

Cut tool (carbide-coated end-mill cutting edge tool) was used in the processing of natural rocks by CNC machine. Figure 1 shows the image of the end mill cut tool. Table 2 shows the technical specifications of the end mill cut tool.
