3.6 Relationships between cutting forces, specific cutting energy and specific energy natural rocks properties

as knoop hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, flexural strength and impact

ship between the Sc and Se values and the physicomechanical characteristics is observed. As a result of the analysis, the following correlation coefficient (R2

0.616 to 0.858 in the Se. All values confirm the linear relationship among

and Se value increases. Moreover, as Knoop hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength increase, the Sc and Se values also

values have been obtained: R<sup>2</sup> coefficient range from 0.887 to 0.977 in Sc and from

physicomechanical characteristics in natural rocks with the Sc and Se. Accordingly, as porosity, water absorption and abrasion strength decrease in the natural rocks, Sc

) values of the natural rock samples, a linear relation-

)

strength increase, the Cf values also increase.

Statistical analysis of Sc and Se of natural rocks depending on the dp and Va.

Correlation coefficient (R2

\*The mean difference is significant at the, 05 level.

Sc and Se dependent variable

Va(mm/dk)

Va(mm/dk)

dp (mm) Mean difference

Mean (J)

Force and Specific Energy in Natural Rocks Cutting by Four-Axis Machine

Mean (I)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85622

(I-J)

Sc 1.20 1.60 72898\* 0.70556 <0.001 56.275 89.521

Sc 2000 2500 45448\* 0.70556 <0.001 28.825 62.071

Se 1.20 1.60 14500\* 0.02103 <0.001 14.004 14.996

Se 2000 2500 0.6747\* 0.02103 <0.001 0.6252 0.7243

Std. Error

2.00 10.9091\* 0.70556 <0.001 92.468 12.5714

1.60 36193\* 0.70556 <0.001 52.816 19.569

3000 95051\* 0.70556 <0.001 78.427 11.1674

2500 49603\* 0.70556 <0.001 66.226 32.980

2.00 23077\* 0.02103 <0.001 22.582 23.573 1.60 1.20 14500\* 0.02103 <0.001 14.996 14.004 2.00 .8577\* 0.02103 <0.001 .8082 0.9073

1.60 0.8577\* 0.02103 <0.001 0.9073 0.8082

3000 11701\* 0.02103 <0.001 11.205 12.197 2500 2000 0.6747\* 0.02103 <0.001 0.7243 0.6252 3000 0.4954\* 0.02103 <0.001 0.4458 0.5449

2500 0.4954\* 0.02103 <0.001 0.5449 0.4458

2500 2000 45448\* 0.70556 <0.001 62.071 28.825 3000 49603\* 0.70556 <0.001 32.980 66.226

3000 2000 95051\* 0.70556 <0.001 11.1674 78.427

2.00 1.20 23077\* 0.02103 <0.001 23.573 22.582

3000 2000 11701\* 0.02103 <0.001 12.197 11.205

1.60 1.20 72898\* 0.70556 <0.001 89.521 56.275 2.00 36193\* 0.70556 <0.001 19.569 52.816 2.00 1.20 10.9091\* 0.70556 <0.001 12.5714 92.468

Sig. 95% confidence interval

Upper bound

Lower bound

increases.

23

Table 9.

The relation between the Fc, Ft, Sc and Se values, and the physico-mechanical properties of the natural stones were evaluated through regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis are given in Tables 10 and 11, respectively.

Correlation coefficient (R2 ) values of the natural rock samples, a linear relationship between the Cf values and the physicomechanical characteristics is observed. As a result of the analysis, the following correlation coefficient (R2 ) values have been obtained: R2 coefficient range from 0.887 to 0.981 in the Fc and from 0.883 to 0.983 in the Ft. All values confirm the linear relationship among physicomechanical properties in natural rocks with the Cf. Accordingly, as porosity, water absorption and abrasion strength decrease in the natural rocks, Cf values increases. Moreover,


#### Force and Specific Energy in Natural Rocks Cutting by Four-Axis Machine DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85622

#### Table 9.

3.6 Relationships between cutting forces, specific cutting energy and specific

The relation between the Fc, Ft, Sc and Se values, and the physico-mechanical properties of the natural stones were evaluated through regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis are given in Tables 10 and 11, respectively.

ship between the Cf values and the physicomechanical characteristics is observed.

been obtained: R2 coefficient range from 0.887 to 0.981 in the Fc and from 0.883 to 0.983 in the Ft. All values confirm the linear relationship among physicomechanical properties in natural rocks with the Cf. Accordingly, as porosity, water absorption and abrasion strength decrease in the natural rocks, Cf values increases. Moreover,

As a result of the analysis, the following correlation coefficient (R2

) values of the natural rock samples, a linear relation-

) values have

energy natural rocks properties

Cf according to the dp and Va in natural rocks.

Correlation coefficient (R2

Figure 6.

Earth Crust

22

Statistical analysis of Sc and Se of natural rocks depending on the dp and Va.

as knoop hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength increase, the Cf values also increase.

Correlation coefficient (R2 ) values of the natural rock samples, a linear relationship between the Sc and Se values and the physicomechanical characteristics is observed. As a result of the analysis, the following correlation coefficient (R2 ) values have been obtained: R<sup>2</sup> coefficient range from 0.887 to 0.977 in Sc and from 0.616 to 0.858 in the Se. All values confirm the linear relationship among physicomechanical characteristics in natural rocks with the Sc and Se. Accordingly, as porosity, water absorption and abrasion strength decrease in the natural rocks, Sc and Se value increases. Moreover, as Knoop hardness, uniaxial compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength increase, the Sc and Se values also increases.

Figure 9.

Cf

Table 10.

25

Independents/

Relationship between the Sc and Se of natural rocks.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85622

Dependents/physico-mechanical properties

Force and Specific Energy in Natural Rocks Cutting by Four-Axis Machine

Fc D y = 3.506 \*

Ft D y = 3.588\*

Relationships between Fc and Ft cutting forces natural rock properties.

Custom equation R2 Linear

x + 2625.962

x + 1.595

x + 1.356

x + 25.189

x + 2627.838

x + 1.338

x + 100.026

x + 14.902

x + 25.047

P y = 0.035 \* x + 1.575 0.919

UCS y = 1.217 \* x + 42.861 0.983 FS y = 0.251 \* x + 5.237 0.896

KH y = 1.982 \* x + 99.007 0.976 UCS y = 1.842 \* x + 53.365 0.981 FS y = 0.244 \* x + 5.129 0.889 IS y = 0.547 \* x + 14.612 0.968

P y = 0.035 \*

WA y = 0.031 \*

AR y = 0.245 \*

WA y = 0.031 \*

KH y = 2.030 \*

IS y = 0.560 \*

AR y = 0.251 \*

Model

0.931

0.923

0.887

0.932

0.930

0.883

0.978

0.968

0.928

Figure 7. Sc and Se values according to the dp in processability tests of rocks.

Figure 8. Relationship between the Cf of natural rocks and Sc according to cutting depth and feed speed.

Proper selection and performance estimation of mill cutting tools are important factors in improving the efficiency of processability and decrease costs in natural rocks. Performance cutting parameters and 3D design of mill cutting tools are cutting tool diameter, dp, Va, Fc, and Ft, Sc and Se. A contribution was made to the literature by proposing new correlation coefficients (R2 ) for natural rocks.

Force and Specific Energy in Natural Rocks Cutting by Four-Axis Machine DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85622

Figure 9. Relationship between the Sc and Se of natural rocks.


#### Table 10. Relationships between Fc and Ft cutting forces natural rock properties.

Proper selection and performance estimation of mill cutting tools are important factors in improving the efficiency of processability and decrease costs in natural rocks. Performance cutting parameters and 3D design of mill cutting tools are cutting tool diameter, dp, Va, Fc, and Ft, Sc and Se. A contribution was made to the

Relationship between the Cf of natural rocks and Sc according to cutting depth and feed speed.

) for natural rocks.

literature by proposing new correlation coefficients (R2

Sc and Se values according to the dp in processability tests of rocks.

Figure 7.

Earth Crust

Figure 8.

24


chip volume in natural rocks. Sc and Se are significantly increased at the

Force and Specific Energy in Natural Rocks Cutting by Four-Axis Machine

• There is a significant relationship between Cf, Sc and Se depending on the dp

• A significant relationship between the Sc and Se was identified as R2 (0.784).

• There is a significant relationship between the Sc, Se, and physicomechanical properties. R<sup>2</sup> ranges from 0.887 to 0.983 in the Sc and from 0.616 to 0.944 in

This study was supported (Project number: 13.GÜZSAN.01 and TR33/12/ SKMDP/0104). We would like to thank them for their (Afyon Kocatepe University

Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Harran University,

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: gsariisik@gmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

and Zafer Development Agency) support and contributions.

• There is a significant relationship between the Cf and physicomechanical properties. R<sup>2</sup> ranges from 0.887 to 0.981 in the Fc and from 0.883 to 0.983 in

) values of which are 0.859 to 0.895, and

dp of 1.2 mm.

the Ft.

the Se.

Author details

Gencay Sariisik

Şanlıurfa, Turkey

27

Acknowledgements

and Va, the correlation coefficient (R2

0.745 to 0.781 respectively.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85622

#### Table 11.

Relationships between Sc and Se natural rock properties.
