**8.** *Foeniculum vulgare* **Mill.**

*Foeniculum vulgare* extract reduced the amnesic effect and memory deficits in mice induced due to aging. *F. vulgare* extract demonstrated inhibition of acetylcholine, and in the exteroceptive behavioral model, it increased the step-down latency in mice significantly [65]. Fennel essential oil inhalation inhibits beta-amyloid (1-42)-induced depression and anxiety and also indicates that it may have further clinical applications [66]. There were improvements in Parkinson's disease in the animal model produced by *F. vulgare* Mill. essential oil [67]. Clinically fennel supplementation to obese middle-aged women decreased bodyweight, reduction in serum Aβ protein along with improvements in cognitive functions and metabolic profiling [68]. It normalized the expression levels of oxidative stress markers [Superoxide dismutase and Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6)] and APP isoforms (APP common, 770 and 695) and also improved the Pb-induced morphological deterioration of cortical neurons [69].

#### **9.** *Azadirachta indica* **A. Juss.**

Commonly known as *Neem* in Indian subcontinent, *Azadirachta indica* has been shown to attenuate cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats, and it also had neuroprotective effect on cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and hypoperfusion [70, 71]. *A. indica* extracts have shown to be anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic

neuroprotective in Parkinson-induced functional damage [72]. *A. indica* standardized leaf extract (total bitters 4.3%) has shown to be neuroprotective in partial sciatic nerve injury in rats as evidenced from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic studies [73].
