**5. Frequency of preeclampsia in adolescents**

Preeclampsia refers to a relatively common hypertensive disorder during pregnancy that develops progressively. Its cause remains unknown, and it frequently leads to severe maternal and perinatal complications.

Its incidence is broad since it depends on various aspects such as geographic location, race, nutritional or immunological factors, and associated comorbidities, and even a humid and cold climate has been related to a higher incidence of affected women.

It is estimated that about 7% of pregnancies will develop preeclampsia. The incidence of preeclampsia is about 25% in primiparous women. In industrialized nations, the rate of maternal morbidity due to preeclampsia varies between 3.8 and 12 per 1000 births. In Latin America, there are few reports on the subject, so the real magnitude of the problem remains unknown; there are only some studies from Brazil and Cuba [11].

Throughout the world, 25% of all maternal deaths occur in adolescent women. In Latin America, adolescent pregnancy is an independently associated factor conferring greater risk for adversities during pregnancy [12, 13]. In the United States, the maternal mortality rate due to preeclampsia-eclampsia is approximately 1 for every 100,000 live births. In Mexico, maternal mortality has decreased in the past six decades, whereby 1281 maternal deaths were registered in the year 2009, in women between the ages of 15 and 34 [14].

The main causes of death in pregnant women were:

1.Hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy (20.4%).


These percentages are five to ten times greater than those reported in industrialized nations or in those with more developed national health systems [15, 16].

**129**

mortality.

*Adolescence and Preeclampsia*

• Preeclampsia

○ Mild ○ Severe

• Eclampsia

• Preeclampsia

• Eclampsia

**6.2 Preeclampsia**

15 mm Hg.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86147*

**6. Definitions of hypertensive states in pregnancy**

Chronic hypertension before pregnancy (any etiology). Chronic hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension:

Hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy:

**6.1 Pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders**

after excluding hydatidiform mole or hydrops fetalis.

a quantitative method (urine sample or 24-hour urine).

protein: creatinine ratio must be ≥0.3.

sion, diabetic nephropathy, or renal disease.

**6.3 Severe preeclampsia**

classified according to its severity.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is defined as the disorder that develops during gestation, delivery, or postpartum, characterized by elevated blood pressure values ≥140/90 mm Hg, accompanied by signs and symptoms allowing it to be

Preeclampsia refers to the presence of hypertension with values above those previously mentioned and proteinuria, in a pregnant female after the 20th week,

Arterial hypertension (AH) is diagnosed if the obtained values exceed, on two separate occasions and with at least 6 hours between each measurement, 140/90 mm Hg or if there is an increase in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) of at least 30 mm Hg or an increase in diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) of at least

Proteinuria can be diagnosed with a urine test strip but must be confirmed with

Severe preeclampsia is defined as a systolic BP ≥160 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP ≥110 mm Hg, if detected on two separate occasions, with a 6-hour difference, with proteinuria greater than 5 g/24 hours and no previous history of arterial hyperten-

HELLP syndrome is the acronym of hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels; this syndrome occurs in 10–20% of women with preeclampsia or eclampsia and is considered a severe form of the disease since it leads to increased

Proteinuria must be above >300 mg in the urine collected in 24 hours or the

[17–19], the classification of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is as follows:
