**3. Preparation of blood suspension for zeta potential measurement**

Approximately 0.01 ml blood is transferred into 50 ml of freshly prepared isotonic dextrose solution. Mean values of the 10 readings are used to calculate the zeta potential according to the basic Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation as follows:

$$\text{Zeta potential}, \zeta = \frac{4\pi \times \mathbf{V}\_t \times \mathbf{EM}}{\mathbf{D}\_t}. \tag{1}$$

where Vt = Viscosity of suspending liquid in poises at temperature 't', EM = Electrophoretic mobility at actual temperature, Dt = Dielectric constant, ZP = Voltage in electrostatic units.
