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## IntechOpen Book Series Veterinary Medicine and Science Volume 4

Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi received his university degree in Argentina in 1983, and his master's and PhD degrees at Córdoba University, Spain. He is currently working as a professor of the Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery at the Faculty of Veterinary and Experimental Sciences of the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain. He also participates in academic postgraduate activities at the Veterinary Faculty of Murcia Univer-

sity, Spain. He has more than 30 years of teaching and research experience. He is the author of eight book chapters and has published around 200 research papers in national and international journals and conference proceedings. He has participated as principal researcher in 12 R&D projects and the organization of seven national and international scientific events. His main research interests include animal physiology, biotechnology of reproduction either in males or females, the study of gametes under in vitro conditions, the use of ultrasound as a complement to physiological studies, and the development of reproductive applied biotechnologies. He regularly supervises students in preparing their P.D and master's theses or in final degree projects.

Katy Satué Ambrojo, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain. She teaches courses in general pathology, integrated in the module of applied bases of the equine veterinary clinic for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of the degree program in veterinary sciences. Her research activity is focused on the fielvd of hematology, biochemistry, immunology,

and fundamentally in equine endocrinology in pregnant Spanish purebreed mares. Dr. Satué has directed five PhD theses and five Certificates of Advanced Studies, has participated in 10 research projects as a collaborating researcher, and has written two books and 14 book chapters published by international publishing houses related to her research areas. She has written 70 scientific publications in international journals and has attended 70 international congresses, participating in more than 125 communications. She is also a scientific reviewer for several indexed international journals (*American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology*, *Journal of Equine Veterinary Science*, *Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound,* and others). Since 2014, she has been responsible for the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of CEU Cardinal Herrera University. She has also been an honorary member of the Peloritan Academy of Pericolanti since February 2018.

#### **Editors of Volume 4: Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi**

Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery University Catholic of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir"

#### **Katy Satué Ambrojo**

Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary University of CEU-Cardenal Herrera

#### **Book Series Editor: Rita Payan-Carreira**

University of Évora, Portugal

### Scope of the Series

Contents

**Section 1**

*by François J. Richard*

**Preface III**

Mammals **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 31**

**Chapter 4 43**

**Chapter 5 53**

Other Species **89**

**Chapter 6 91**

Characteristics of Some Key Oocyte Developmental Processes in Fish Species

*Marina Marie Bento Nogueira, Rosano Ramos de Freitas, Marcos Nereu Luckner,* 

Micro-architecture of the Female Reproductive System

Oocyte Meiotic Resumption under High Surveillance

*by Sedigheh Menatian, Hamidreza Mirzaei Alamouti,* 

*by Jefferson Viana Alves Diniz, Laine Oliveira da Silva,* 

*by Masahiro Sato, Kazuchika Miyoshi, Hiroaki Kawaguchi,* 

*Emi Inada, Issei Saitoh and Akihide Tanimoto*

Effect of Pre and Post Weaning Diet Quality on Puberty Age

Bioclimatic Influence on the Pregnancy Rate in Embryo-Recipient

*Rafael Augusto Satrapa, José Antonio Dell'Aqua Junior and Eunice Oba*

Recent Advance in Genome Editing-Based Gene Modification in Pigs

A Review of the Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Ultramicroscopic

*by Arbab Sikandar and Muhammad Ali*

and Tail Measures in Kurdish Female Lambs

*Farshid Fatahnia and Reza Masoumi*

Cows in the Amazonian Biome

**Section 2**

*by Mônica Cassel*

Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in the Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades, fostering a better support to animal health and more humane animal production, a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species, to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging the Human, Animal and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative "One Health" concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle a variety of fields in the animal-related medicine and sciences, providing thematic volumes, high quality and significance in the field, directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.

## Contents


#### **Chapter 7 113**

Reproductive Cycle of *Hexaplex princeps* (Broderip, 1833) *by Verónica Mitsui Saito-Quezada, Esther Uría-Galicia, José Luis Gómez-Márquez, Ana Bertha Villaseñor-Martínez, Ma. De Lourdes Jiménez-Badillo and Isaías Hazarmabeth Salgado-Ugarte*

Preface

We are pleased to present our new book *Reproductive Biology and Technology in Animals*. This book has been designed to provide innovative information on new reproductive technologies in different animal species, including sheep, gilts, pigs, and other invertebrates. It is intended for academics, scientists, and veterinarians to update and deepen their knowledge of the physiology of reproduction. Therefore, the motivation to publish a comprehensive volume on advances in biotechnology arose from the growing awareness of recent advances in sperm management, oocyte characteristics, various genomic aspects related to somatic cell nuclear transfer, and the microarchitecture of the female reproductive system in these animal species. Other aspects have also been considered that refer to the reproductive cycles present in gastropods and fish. This volume is the culmination of the efforts of several researchers, scientists, and scholars from around the world who are well known and respected in the various frontiers of research into the physiology of reproduction. We sincerely believe that the book will prove to be a useful contribution not only to science but also to the general public. We hope that this book will be a useful source of information from both a scientific and practical point of view. We are grateful to all the contributing authors and to all the members of the international review panel who helped us enormously with their contributions, time, critical thinking, and suggestions in producing this edited and peer-reviewed volume. The editors are also grateful to IntechOpen and its team members for the opportunity to publish this book. Finally, we thank our family members for their love, support, encourage-

ment, and patience throughout the period of this work.

**Juan Carlos Gardon Poggi**

Valencia, Spain

Valencia, Spain

**Katy Satué Ambrojo** Faculty of Veterinary,

Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University Catholic of Valencia "San Vicente Mártir",

Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery,

University of CEU-Cardenal Herrera,
