**4. Conclusions**

In this contribution, nondestructive methods are discussed with respect to their ability to characterize residual stresses. It is shown that there are approaches and testing situations where both ultrasonic and micromagnetic techniques are able to (at least quantitatively) determine residual stress. Nevertheless, the contribution clarifies that ultrasonic techniques are mainly used to determine macro-residual stress, whereas micromagnetic techniques are mainly used to determine microresidual stresses. Most presented techniques, such as BEMI, 3MA, different EMAT applications, etc., are available for industrial use. New challenges can be found especially in the context of a depth-resolved determination of residual stresses.
