Preface

Lean Manufacturing, also called lean production, was originally created in Toyota after the Second World War, in the reconstruction period. It is based on the idea of eliminating any waste in the industry, i.e. any activity or task that does not add value and requires resources. It is considered in every level of the industry, e.g. design, manufacturing, distribution, and customer service. The main wastes are: over-production against plan; waiting time of operators and machines; unnecessary transportation; waste in the process itself; excess stock of material and components; non value-adding motion; defects in quality.

The combination of the comprehensive and flexible Six Sigma system integrated with lean manufacturing is called Lean Six Sigma, which can increase profit, improve efficiency and effectiveness, and develop employees' structure. Six Sigma is a collection of different tools and techniques for improvement of quality of processes, which was introduced by Bill Smith in 1980. Six Sigma projects include five important steps: define the system, measure key aspects, analyze the data, improve the current processes, and control the future state.

The diversity of the issues is covered from algorithms, mathematical models, and software engineering by design methodologies and technical or practical solutions. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state, cases studies, hardware and software solutions, analytics, and data science in dependability engineering.

The editor would like to thank all the authors of these chapters for their contribution and commitment, which made the publication of this book possible.

**II**

**Chapter 9 121**

**Chapter 10 133**

The Integration of Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing

Lean Six Sigma in Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review

*by Marcio B. Santos*

*by Hari Lal Bhaskar*

**Fausto Pedro García Márquez and Isaac Segovia Ramirez** Ingenium Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain

> **Tamás Bányai and Péter Tamás** Institute of Logistics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary

**1**

**Chapter 1**

are as follows:

Introductory Chapter:

*Fausto Pedro García Márquez and Isaac Segovia Ramirez*

Lean manufacturing, also called lean production, was originally created in Toyota after the Second World War in the reconstruction period [1]. It is based on the idea of eliminating any waste in the industry, i.e., any activity or task that does not add value and requires resources [2]. It is considered in any level of the industry, e.g., design, manufacturing, distribution, and customer service. The main wastes

The wastes eliminated should improve the improvement of the quality and the reduction of the cost and time in the manufacturing. The main tools are [3, 4] the

• *Five S.* seiri (sort), seiton (set in order), seisō (shine), seiketsu (standardize),

• Multiprocess handling. The manufacturing is preformed sequentially for

• *Value stream mapping*. The tool compares the current state and future state of the events that depend on the product in order to reduce wastes. It is focused

multiple processes, contributing to the flow of materials.

on the areas that incorporate value to the product.

Introduction to Lean

**1. Introduction to Lean Manufacturing**

• Overproduction against plan

• Unnecessary transportation

• Waste in the process itself

• Non-value-adding motion

and shitsuke (sustain).

• Defects in quality

following:

• Waiting time of operators and machines

• Excess stock of material and components

Manufacturing

## **Chapter 1**
