**Author details**

*Beta Thalassemia*

Hct hematocrit HbE hemoglobin E HbF fetal hemoglobin HbH hemoglobin H

H2O2 hydrogen peroxide

LIP labile iron pools LOX lipoxygenase LPI labile iron pool

OH• hydroxyl radical Prx2 peroxiredoxin 2 RBC red blood cells RE reticuloendothelial RINm5F rat insulinoma cells RNS reactive nitrogen species ROS reactive oxygen species SH SY5Y neuroblastoma cells SOD superoxide dismutase

T1/2 half-time

Tf transferrin

TBI transferrin-bound iron

TfR1 transferrin receptor 1 TGF-β1 tumor growth factor-beta1 TI β-thalassemia intermedia

TM β-thalassemia major TTCC T-type calcium channel TTCC T-type calcium channel XO xanthine oxidase

LTCC L-type calcium channel MDA malondialdehyde MP microparticles NAC *N*-acetylcysteine NFκB nuclear factor-kappa B Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2 NTBI non-transferrin-bound iron

HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography Huh7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells IC20 20% inhibitory concentrations iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase IRE iron regulatory element IRP iron regulatory protein LIC liver iron concentration

Nramp2 natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2

NTDT non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia

TBARS thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances

TDT transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia

TIBC transferrin iron-binding capacity

**56**

Pimpisid Koonyosying1 , Suthat Fucharoen<sup>2</sup> and Somdet Srichairatanakool1 \*

1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

2 Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand

\*Address all correspondence to: somdet.s@cmu.ac.th

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
