**6. Colostomy closure**

The technique of colostomy closure is dependent on the type of colostomy which was employed: loop, end, or minor modifications of these are the methods. The pathology and clinical situations encountered usually recommend which type of colostomy should be performed. Closure of loop colostomy can be a simple procedure but, in some cases, can be rather difficult based on the degree of inflammation, the presence of fibrosis, or scarring. The contentious technical features about loop closure encompass simple closure as alternative of resection and anastomosis, intra- versus extraperitoneal closure, and finally the use of peritoneal drainage. Closure of an end colostomy with Hartmann's procedure can be commonly more difficult than simple colostomy closure and sometimes may occur the postoperative complications. Closure of end colostomy and mucous fistula has been traditionally performed with a laparotomy, dissection, and release of both ostomies and end-toend anastomosis.
