I.Dermatitis

II.Venous varices

	- Cramps lasting more than 2 or 3 h
	- Continuous nausea and vomiting
	- No ostomy output for 4–6 h with cramping and nausea
	- Severe watery discharge lasting more than 5 or 6 h
	- Bad odor lasting more than a week (this may be a sign of infection.)
	- A cut in the stoma
	- Injury to the stoma
	- Bad skin irritation or deep sores (ulcers)
	- A lot of bleeding from the stoma opening (or a moderate amount in the pouch that you notice several times when emptying it)
	- Continuous bleeding where the stoma meets the skin
	- Unusual change in your stoma size or color
	- Anything unusual going on with your ostomy

The complication occurrence in intestinal stomas might be related to factors such as lack of demarcation of the skin site, surgical technique itself, or to postoperative care. Each type of complication deserves a different treatment approach. For sure a prompt intervention is advisable to avoid or to minimize the complication occurrence.

**43**

**Figure 2.**

*Intestinal Ostomy Complications and Care DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85633*

to correct the problem [11] (**Figure 2**).

**5.2 Peristomal dermatitis**

stomas [12, 13] (**Figure 3**).

The following pictures are illustrative examples of these complications.

On the practical settings, edema may not be considered as a true complication as it can result from a normal physiological response after manipulation of intestinal loop. It is normal for the stoma to be edematous postoperatively looking swollen within 4–6 hours. The swelling progresses for the first 2 days and by the fifth day subsides markedly. The edema continues to decrease for the first 6–8 weeks after surgery. While edematous, the stomal mucosa is pale and translucent and the stoma tissue remains soft. The main approach to treat an ostomy edema is observation plus the care with manipulation and correct application of pouch, to avoid mechanical trauma. It should be reminded that if the edema is caused by technical problems, e.g., a narrowed abdominal wall opening, it may be advisable to reoperate in order

Peristomal dermatitis is the most common stoma complication. It is characterized by skin irritation around the stoma, caused by several factors: irritation of the skin by feces, contact or products used in ostomy care which may be corrosive, contact allergy due to the nature of the chemical component of the pouch in contact with the skin, mechanical infection by pouch withdrawal-induced trauma or by compression of the fixation belt, and bacterial or fungal skin infection caused by humidity and effluent from gut making the peristomal skin more vulnerable to microorganisms' proliferation. The most common symptoms are itching, burning sensation, and pain. Diabetic, immunocompromised, and long-term use of antibiotics increase the risk of infectious dermatitis in patients with intestinal

*Ileostomy edema. Usual appearance; (B) care to apply the bag avoiding trauma. The stoma measurement* 

*selected for the pouching system should allow for an opening 1/8 inch to prevent stoma necrosis.*

7.Necrosis

9.Stenosis

**5.1 Mucosal edema**

8.Parastomal hernia
