**Author details**

*Nanoemulsions - Properties, Fabrications and Applications*

their heat removal capability after 5000 thermal cycles.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*A* area of the heat transfer (m2

*R* thermal resistance (K/W)

*Tf* temperature of inlet fluid (K)

*Q* total power (W) *q* heat flux (W/m2

*r* radius (m) *T* temperature (K)

*q* density (kg/m3

*s* melting time (s) *l* viscosity (Pa s)

*d* diameter of nozzle *f* carrier fluid *l* melted Field's alloy

*cp* heat capacity of the working fluid (J/kg K) *k* thermal conductivity of working fluid (W/m K)

*hsl* latent heat of the Field's alloy (J/kg)

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

**Nomenclature**

properties and stability, which showed promising potential applications in cooling of electronic device, engines, and other systems. Meanwhile, an experimental study was performed to investigate jet impingement heat transfer of Field's alloy nanoparticles-HFE7100 slurry. The Field's alloy nano-PCM absorbed heat during a phase change process from solid to liquid phase coupled with HFE7100 evaporation process. The study showed that the mass fraction of nanoparticles played an insignificant role in pressure drop but an important role on heat transfer performance. The high heat flux removal capability had been demonstrated by repeated closed loop test. Away from the critical heat flux, Field's alloy nano-PCM slurry provided a significant heat transfer enhancement due to the increase in the thermal capacity of the carrier fluid. Moreover, the nano-PCM slurries were able to maintain 97% of

This work is supported by the by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51672227) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. YX2682015RC08, 2682017CY08 and 2682017CX089).

)

K)

*h* heat transfer coefficient of jet impingement or spray (W/m<sup>2</sup>

)

volume fraction of nanoparticles in the working fluid

)

**120**

Greeks

Subscripts

*b* bulk

*m* melting *p* particle *w* wall *s* solid

Chaoming Wang1,2\*, Xinran Zhang1 , Wenbing Jia<sup>2</sup> , Wei Wu3 and Louis Chow3

1 Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China

2 Key Laboratory for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China

3 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA

\*Address all correspondence to: hbdxwcm@hotmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
