**5. Conclusions**

Taking into account the future development and applications of the metal oxides nanoparticles in medicine, a constant search as emergent antimicrobial agents is required, due to the increase of diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to the action of antimicrobial agents as antibiotics.

Implementation of the metal oxides nanoparticles as an alternative to combat bacterial resistance due to increased findings in the mechanisms by which they act, have been the key to a better understanding and approach about the effect and kinetics that metal oxides nanoparticles have on microbial strains.

For this reason it is necessary to establish guidelines and quality standards to research nano-antimicrobials given the fact that there are many alternative methods *in vitro* testing to achieve this objective, but some of them present

**25**

provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*, América R. Vázquez-Olmos2

2 Grupo de Sistemas híbridos y Nanoespectroscopía, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas

1 División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de

3 División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Laboratorio de Microbiología y Control de Infecciones, Universidad Nacional

y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: dr.vegalex@gmail.com

, Enrique Acosta-Gío3

*In vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles*

results that allow us to compare them with *in vivo* testing.

Tecnología in Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

limitations, while searching for new methods could be able to present specific

This work was financially supported by Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación and Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84369*

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

**Author details**

México, Mexico

Alejandro L. Vega-Jiménez1

Autónoma de México, Mexico

and Marco Antonio Álvarez-Pérez1

*In vitro Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84369*

limitations, while searching for new methods could be able to present specific results that allow us to compare them with *in vivo* testing.
