**Author details**

*Nanoemulsions - Properties, Fabrications and Applications*

additional steric stability of mesquite gum.

**Acknowledgements**

tion of the citric essential oils.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**Conflict of interest**

*coli*. And although there is controversy about which components of the citric essential oils increase the antibacterial activity, our study suggest that aldehydes have an important role for the antibacterial effect of Persian lemon oil nano-emulsions. Considering the series of experiments described in this research and the study

of stability as a function of time it is clear that the Control Delta formulation composed of Span 20 (1.45%), Tween 80 (4.9%) and mesquite gum (4.9%) was the best. It was also shown that mesquite gum is superior to Arabic gum for the kinetic stability as shown by the behavior of the nano-emulsion that replaces mesquite gum with Arabic gum (Control 2). Indeed, when an excess of surfactant (Tween 80 and Span 20) is used, it is possible to obtain a smaller droplet size as observed in other control (Control 3 with excess Tween 80 and Span 20), but mesquite gum provides additional steric stabilization that confers a better stability over time against coalescence. The sample that replaces mesquite gum with water (Control 4) confirms the

M. B. M. T. acknowledges financial support (Master degree grant) from CONACYT. M. B. M. T. acknowledges Lilia Bautista from CIMAV Monterrey for their help with FT-IR and DLS, measurements and assistance, respectively. M. B. M. T acknowledges M.Sc. Lilia Torres from CIATEJ Noroeste for all the assistance. M. B. M. T acknowledges Ph.D. Guillermo Acosta and Q. Ashanti Rodríguez for their help with the analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanoemulsions. We acknowledge Frutech International Corporation for their dona-

**60**

Maira Berenice Moreno-Trejo1 , Arturo Adrián Rodríguez-Rodríguez1 , Ángela Suarez-Jacobo2 and Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez1 \*

1 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. (CIMAV) Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico

2 Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Unidad Noreste, Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: margarita.sanchez@cimav.edu.mx

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
