Preface

This book presents fundamental and applied research in plasma physics and fusion energy. It discusses the latest developments and innovative techniques of fusion energy and its practical uses.

The challenge in exploring fusion energy and indirect plasma physics is the obvious complexity. Production of clean and environmentally friendly energy on a large scale is a global challenge for plasma scientists and technologists. To achieve fusion energy, we need to confine fusion plasma. Confinement of fusion plasma is a key scientific problem that involves understanding anomalous transport processes in a tokamak device.

Chapter 1 discusses the research, design and development needed to realise a neutral beam injection system (NBI) for a fusion reactor. NBI is the most successful heating method used for fusion devices. Chapter 2 explains the taxonomy of big nuclear fusion chambers provided by means of nanosecond neutron pulses. The method is based on use of very bright nanosecond neutron pulses generated from a compact neutron source of a dense plasma focus type in two classes of experimental methods supported by MCNP numerical modeling. Chapter 3 incorporates experimental studies and theoretical models for detachment in helical fusion devices, including Tokamaks JET, JT-60U and heliotrons LHD. By approaching the density limit, the plasma detaches from the divertor target plates so that the particle and heat fluxes onto the targets reduce dramatically. Chapter 4 presents investigations of wave spectra through an equilibrium molecular dynamic simulation of threedimensional, strongly coupled complex-dusty plasmas. The EMD method is the best tool for computing CL and CT in the dusty plasma over a suitable range of plasma parameters. Chapter 5 gives the measurement of vacancy migration energy by using a high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM). It investigates the vacancy migration energy on the HVEM. Chapter 6 discusses tungsten-based plasma-facing materials. Tungsten is considered the most promising material for plasma facing components (PFCs) in magnetic confinement fusion devices due to its high melting temperature, high thermal conductivity, low swelling, low tritium retention and low sputtering yield.

> Dr. Aamir Shahzad Tenured Associate Professor, Molecular Modeling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education (MOE), Xi'an Jiaotong University, P.R. China Section 1
