**2. Used materials**

### **2.1 Cement**

The Filfila deposit is divided into two quarries:

*Sandy Materials in Civil Engineering - Usage and Management*

**Figure 1.**

**Figure 2.**

**34**

*Downgraded powder from Chatt.*

*Waste from the block quarry.*

• The first one is a quarry with white marble blocks and reseda green, the

the fall of tiles and marble powders, and the waste rate is 22 m2

• The second quarry is derived from Chatt, the exploitation is carried out by explosive. The waste from this quarry is (marble of different granular classes),

downgraded powder (**Figure 2**), the waste rate is 19% of production.

The valorization of this waste in the manufacture of mortars and concretes remains in the current state of investigation. Several studies have been interested by the feasibility of partially replacing an ordinary aggregate with a marble aggregate,

exploitation is carried out by horizontal sawing methods by cutting vertical and lateral sawing by a diamond wire with cooling in clear water. The waste from this quarry is the scraps and rubble having different geometric shapes (**Figure 1**) and declassified powder (powder subject to weathering), the waste rate is 56% of production. The waste from the processing plant is the fall of block sizes and

/m3 .

> Cement CEM I class 42.5 of the origin of the Ain kbira-Sétif cement plant (East of Algeria) with an absolute density of 3.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and a Blaine specific surface of 3000 cm<sup>2</sup> /g. Physical properties; chemical and mineralogical composition of cement used in this work is presented in **Table 1**.

#### **2.2 Sand**

Three types of sand were used in this work, the first is sea sand, it is a nature rolled, class 0/2 of origin Larbi ben Mhidi-Skikda and the second one is a dune sand of nature rolled class 0/1 of origin Wadi Zhor-Skikda. We are used a mixture between the both with similar quantities (natural sand). The third sand is a marble waste sand from the Filfila quarry—Skikda class 0/2 (discarded powder exposed to the weather). The physical and chemical properties of different sands used are presented in **Table 2** and the particle size curves are given in **Figure 3**.

#### **2.3 Water**

Potable water was used in all the mixes and curing of the specimens. (temperature was between 20 2°C).

## *Sandy Materials in Civil Engineering - Usage and Management*


#### **Table 1.**

*Physical properties and chemical and mineralogical composition of the cement.*


From the results obtained we can draw the following observations:

• The marble waste sand has the highest percentage of fine clayey.

• Marble waste sand is less clean than natural sand.

sand.

**37**

**Figure 3.**

**Table 2.**

of natural sand is silica.

*Granulometric curves of the various sands.*

*Physical and chemical properties of different sands.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91254*

*Introduction of Marble Waste Sand in the Composition of Mortar*

and 20% on the characteristics of mortars.

**3. Experimental program**

• The absolute density of marble waste sand is higher than that of natural sand.

**Designation Sea sand Dune sand Marble waste sand** SO3 0.01 0.01 0.04 PF — — 43.40 Insoluble residue — — 0.035

• The absorption coefficient of marble waste sand is stronger than that of natural

• Marble waste sand is rich in calcium carbonate while the essential component

The objective of this work is to study the effect of partial substitution of natural sand (50% dune sand and 50% sea sand) by a marble waste sand with rates 5, 10, 15

Reference mortar (control mortar) was prepared (0% marble waste sand) according to standard EN 196–1, with a quantity of water adjusted in order to obtain a reference consistency, the fixed parameters are cement and water dosage. The different mixes were prepared by replacing four percentages of natural sand with the same mass percentages of marble waste sand. This makes a total of five different mixes, including a control mortar. 4 <sup>4</sup> 16 cm<sup>3</sup> prismatic test pieces were made to determine the performance of hardened mortars as well as 5 <sup>5</sup> 5 cm<sup>3</sup> test

*Introduction of Marble Waste Sand in the Composition of Mortar DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91254*


**Table 2.**

**Designation Results (%)**

*Sandy Materials in Civil Engineering - Usage and Management*

CaO 65.85 Al2O3 4.13 Fe2O3 4.16 SiO2 21.31 MgO 1.34 Na2O 0.16 K2O 0.25 Cl 0.003 SO3 2.13 Free CaO 0.5 MS 2.43 MAF 0.88 C3S 72.25 C2S 8.83 C3A 3.14 C4Af 14.7

*Physical properties and chemical and mineralogical composition of the cement.*

**Designation Sea sand Dune sand Marble waste sand**

Value of blue methylene (%) 0.25 0.7 0.35 Sand equivalent (%) 81 84 67.11 Absorption 1.10 1.15 2.30 Fineness modulus (%) 2.83 1.88 1.65 Fines content (%) 1 2.5 6

CaCO3 — — 98.67 CaO 4.01 0.80 55.29 Al2O3 0.76 2.36 0.14 Fe2O3 1.17 1.15 0.09 SiO2 87.32 94.09 0.53 MgO 0.15 0.14 0.2 Na2O 0.090 0.20 0.00 K2O 0.200 0.58 0.01 Cl 0.00 0.00 0.025

) 1.606 1.850 1.50

) 2.570 2.60 2.700

) 3.07

/g) 3700

Density (g/cm3

**Table 1.**

Physical properties Apparent density (g/cm3

Absolute density (g/cm<sup>3</sup>

Chemical composition

**36**

Specific surface Blaine (cm<sup>2</sup>

*Physical and chemical properties of different sands.*

### **Figure 3.**

*Granulometric curves of the various sands.*

From the results obtained we can draw the following observations:

