**1. Introduction**

Aggregates production is mainly ensured by extraction in quarries. There are also two other resources that allow manufacturers to produce aggregates. Then, we can speak of recycled aggregates and artificial aggregates. Recycled materials can be represented an excellent source of aggregates, the use of these materials in concrete would help to the recovery of recycled materials, and also, the protection of natural resources.

This work aims to study the effect of partial substitution of ordinary sand (50% dune sand and 50% sea sand) by marble waste sand from the quarry of Filfila located in Skikda (East Algeria) with rates 5, 10, 15 and 20% on the properties of mortar.

Located 25 km by road, east of Skikda—Algeria, the Djebel Filfila marble deposit was exploited by the company ENAMARBRE from Roman antiquity, and may even be before. This deposit consists of outcrops of marble which can reach a length of 1100 m for a width which varies from 100 to 300 m. The exploitable part of the deposit is composed by a lenticular body which extends over 550 m in length occupying an area of 13 Ha. The maximum depth of the deposit is 180 m which shows that this deposit consisting of marble levels of different colors tends to develop in depth.

The marble of Filfila is made up of the following varieties: white, with gray, light gray, dark gray, banded in green shade, banded in brown shade. White marbles represent 44% of the whole.

The Filfila deposit is divided into two quarries:

• The first one is a quarry with white marble blocks and reseda green, the exploitation is carried out by horizontal sawing methods by cutting vertical and lateral sawing by a diamond wire with cooling in clear water. The waste from this quarry is the scraps and rubble having different geometric shapes (**Figure 1**) and declassified powder (powder subject to weathering), the waste rate is 56% of production. The waste from the processing plant is the fall of block sizes and the fall of tiles and marble powders, and the waste rate is 22 m2 /m3 .

or partially replacing cement with marble fillers. Hebhoub and Belachia [1] studied the valorization of marble waste aggregates in the concrete composition with total and partial incorporation from 0 to 100%, they found an improvement of compressive and tensile strength as well the workability of the concrete. Binici et al. [2] examined the incorporation of marble coarse aggregates in concrete and they found that it tends to decrease its chloride penetration, reaching a 70% reduction compared to standard concrete at 28 days of immersion. Hasan and Ahan [3] found that, replacing standard sand by the marble dust, with percentages of 15–75%, leads to an increase of compressive and tensile strength from 20 to 26% and 10 to 15%, respectively. Aliabdo et al. [4] evaluated the possibility of reusing marble dust as a partial

*Introduction of Marble Waste Sand in the Composition of Mortar*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91254*

replacement of cement and sand in concrete; the results found indicate an

compressive and tensile strength of samples with 50% of marble.

and resistance to segregation.

**2. Used materials**

used in this work is presented in **Table 1**.

**2.1 Cement**

3000 cm<sup>2</sup>

**2.2 Sand**

**2.3 Water**

**35**

ture was between 20 2°C).

improvement in the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Djebien et al. [5] reused marble waste as sand in self-compacting concrete, they found that substitution of marble waste reduces density and air content, and ensures cohesion

Gesoğlu et al. [6] concluded that the incorporation of marble dust in concrete decreased chloride penetration. In particular, replacing 5% of marble dust, by cement weight, led to the highest decrease in chloride penetration. Corinaldesi et al. [7], studied also the effect of marble powder in concrete, concluding that, up to given ratios of replacement, concrete durability can be improved. Belaidi et al. [8] examined the effect of the substitution of marble powder on the properties of selfcompacting concrete, in percentage different from 10 to 40% they have been shown an improvement on the workability of concrete with a negative effect on compressive strength. Aruntas et al. [9] studied the addition of marble dust in cement production, obtaining very similar results to the ones observed in our study. Chavhan and Bhole [10] produced concrete mixtures by replacing gravel with marble powder, the rate varied between 5 and 50% they found enhancement in

Cement CEM I class 42.5 of the origin of the Ain kbira-Sétif cement plant (East of Algeria) with an absolute density of 3.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and a Blaine specific surface of

Three types of sand were used in this work, the first is sea sand, it is a nature rolled, class 0/2 of origin Larbi ben Mhidi-Skikda and the second one is a dune sand of nature rolled class 0/1 of origin Wadi Zhor-Skikda. We are used a mixture between the both with similar quantities (natural sand). The third sand is a marble waste sand from the Filfila quarry—Skikda class 0/2 (discarded powder exposed to the weather). The physical and chemical properties of different sands used are

Potable water was used in all the mixes and curing of the specimens. (tempera-

presented in **Table 2** and the particle size curves are given in **Figure 3**.

/g. Physical properties; chemical and mineralogical composition of cement

• The second quarry is derived from Chatt, the exploitation is carried out by explosive. The waste from this quarry is (marble of different granular classes), downgraded powder (**Figure 2**), the waste rate is 19% of production.

The valorization of this waste in the manufacture of mortars and concretes remains in the current state of investigation. Several studies have been interested by the feasibility of partially replacing an ordinary aggregate with a marble aggregate,

**Figure 1.** *Waste from the block quarry.*

**Figure 2.** *Downgraded powder from Chatt.*

*Introduction of Marble Waste Sand in the Composition of Mortar DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91254*

or partially replacing cement with marble fillers. Hebhoub and Belachia [1] studied the valorization of marble waste aggregates in the concrete composition with total and partial incorporation from 0 to 100%, they found an improvement of compressive and tensile strength as well the workability of the concrete. Binici et al. [2] examined the incorporation of marble coarse aggregates in concrete and they found that it tends to decrease its chloride penetration, reaching a 70% reduction compared to standard concrete at 28 days of immersion. Hasan and Ahan [3] found that, replacing standard sand by the marble dust, with percentages of 15–75%, leads to an increase of compressive and tensile strength from 20 to 26% and 10 to 15%, respectively. Aliabdo et al. [4] evaluated the possibility of reusing marble dust as a partial replacement of cement and sand in concrete; the results found indicate an improvement in the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Djebien et al. [5] reused marble waste as sand in self-compacting concrete, they found that substitution of marble waste reduces density and air content, and ensures cohesion and resistance to segregation.

Gesoğlu et al. [6] concluded that the incorporation of marble dust in concrete decreased chloride penetration. In particular, replacing 5% of marble dust, by cement weight, led to the highest decrease in chloride penetration. Corinaldesi et al. [7], studied also the effect of marble powder in concrete, concluding that, up to given ratios of replacement, concrete durability can be improved. Belaidi et al. [8] examined the effect of the substitution of marble powder on the properties of selfcompacting concrete, in percentage different from 10 to 40% they have been shown an improvement on the workability of concrete with a negative effect on compressive strength. Aruntas et al. [9] studied the addition of marble dust in cement production, obtaining very similar results to the ones observed in our study. Chavhan and Bhole [10] produced concrete mixtures by replacing gravel with marble powder, the rate varied between 5 and 50% they found enhancement in compressive and tensile strength of samples with 50% of marble.
