Environmental Impacts and Sustainability

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**66**

**69**

tons per year [6].

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

strictly.

**1. Introduction**

country people live in urban areas [3].

Environmental Impact and

Sustainability of Aggregate

The production of aggregate for the infrastructural development of the country has been increasing for the last three decades due to the high urbanization rates in the main cities of the country and the ever-growing demand for basic infrastructural facilities. The environmental impact of both fine and coarse aggregate production is now hard to ignore especially on the outskirts of the main cities. These impacts are clearly seen on the degradation of landscape and land stability, pollution of water resource, pollution of the atmosphere due to dust, and societal impacts. There are clear local and international laws that protect the environment from the negative impact of any project, whereas the observed fact from abandoned and functioning quarry sites shows these rules are not followed

**Keywords:** aggregate, sustainability, Ethiopia, production, environmental impact

The construction industry in Ethiopia is a major driving sector for economic growth. Based on a report by the National Bank of Ethiopia [1], the construction industry in 2018 accounted for 71.4% of the nations' industrial output and expanded by 15.7% from its previous share signifying the leading role of construction sector. Massive government investment in infrastructure and residential building projects has made the sector to create jobs and improve standard of living. The rate of urbanization in the major cities is increasing, and this created a huge need for improved infrastructure systems and a big housing project. [2] reported that the urbanization rate between 1984 and 2007 has quadrupled from 3.7% to 14% over the two decades and still it was one of the lowest in the world, well below the sub-Saharan African average of 37%; it is projected that in 2028 the 30% of the

Coarse and fine aggregates are the major inputs for most of the infrastructural systems and building projects. Approximately three quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregate and 90% of asphalt pavement is aggregate [4, 5]. This increased the demand of aggregate in line with the sectoral development. Yasmin, in 2015 based on the annual cement production volume, estimated the demand of Ethiopian for sand would be approximately 1.5 million

Production in Ethiopia

*Gashaw Assefa and Aklilu Gebregziabher*
