**Author details**

Chao Wang<sup>1</sup> \*, Yifan Kang<sup>2</sup> and Yonglin Bai1

1 Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, People's Republic of China

2 School of Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China

\*Address all correspondence to: igodwang@163.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

*Coulomb Potential Modulation of Atoms by Strong Light Field: Electrostatic Tunneling… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89940*

#### **References**

and driving laser field focus and found that the optimum gas target position for HHG phase matching is always lying behind the focus of the driving field.

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

**Acknowledgements**

**Author details**

People's Republic of China

People's Republic of China

\*, Yifan Kang<sup>2</sup> and Yonglin Bai1

2 School of Science, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an,

\*Address all correspondence to: igodwang@163.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Key Laboratory of Ultra-fast Photoelectric Diagnostics Technology, Xi'an Institute

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an,

Chao Wang<sup>1</sup>

**18**

(Grant No. 11675258, 11505289, 61690222).

*Modern Applications of Electrostatics and Dielectrics*

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[26] Feng X, Gilbertson S, Mashiko H, et al. Generation of isolated attosecond pulses with 20 to 28 femtosecond lasers. Physical Review Letters. 2009;**103**: 183901/1-183901/4. DOI: 10.1103/ PhysRevLett.103.183901

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[32] Available at: http://henke.lbl.gov/ optical\_constants/filter2.html [Accessed: 20 May 2018]

**21**

**Chapter 3**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

Elimination

Development of a Corona

Discharge Ionizer Utilizing

High-Voltage AC Power Supply

Driven by PWM Inverter for

Highly Efficient Electrostatic

*Katsuyuki Takahashi, Koichi Takaki, Isao Hiyoshi,* 

electrostatic elimination and an excellent ion balance.

**Keywords:** electrostatic, ionizer, corona discharge, ion balance, high voltage

Elimination of electrostatic charges on insulators for the prevention of electrostatic discharge (ESD) problems in manufacturing industries such as semiconductor and electric device is very important for the enhancement of productivity and reliability [1–5]. The simplest and the most important method to prevent ESD is eliminating charges by keeping conductive materials connected to the ground. In work spaces, wearing anti-ESD wrist straps and conductive clothes and shoes and keeping conductivity of tables and floors high are required for ESD control. In the case of insulators, charges are not removed by connecting them to the ground. Therefore, generally, the charges accumulated on insulators are decayed by decreasing the

*Yosuke Enomoto, Shinichi Yamaguchi and Hidemi Nagata*

The corona discharge ionizer has been widely used to eliminate electrostatic charges on insulators in a variety of manufacturing industries for the prevention of electrostatic discharge (ESD) problems. High-speed electrostatic elimination is conventionally required for ionizer performance. Because of the high sensitivity of recent electronic devices to ESD damage, an extremely low-offset voltage (ion balance) is required for the performance of electrostatic eliminators. Long-term performance stability is required to maintain the quality of the products, but the short cleaning interval of the unit increases the operating cost. The efficiency is also affected by the waveform of the applied voltage. The optimization of the applied voltage is an important factor in achieving long-term performance stability. In this study, an intermittent pulse voltage AC power supply was developed to achieve a highly efficient electrostatic elimination with long-term stability high-speed

## **Chapter 3**

[18] Jullien A, Pfeifer T, Abel MJ, et al. Ionization phase-match gating for wavelength-tunable isolated attosecond pulse generation. Applied Physics B. 2008;**93**:433-442. DOI: 10.1007/

*Modern Applications of Electrostatics and Dielectrics*

[26] Feng X, Gilbertson S, Mashiko H, et al. Generation of isolated attosecond pulses with 20 to 28 femtosecond lasers. Physical Review Letters. 2009;**103**: 183901/1-183901/4. DOI: 10.1103/

[27] Mashiko H, Bell MJ, Beck AR, et al. Tunable frequency-controlled isolated attosecond pulses characterized by either 750 nm or 400 nm wavelength streak fields. Optics Express. 2010;**18**: 25887-25895. DOI: 10.1364/QELS.2011.

[28] Vincenti H, Quéré F. Attosecond

spatiotemporally coupled light fields to generate isolated attosecond pulses. Physical Review Letters. 2012;**108**: 113904/1-113904/5. DOI: 10.1103/

[29] Kim KT, Zhang C, Ruchou T, et al. Photonic streaking of attosecond pulse trains. Nature Photonics. 2013;**7**: 651-656. DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.

PhysRevLett.103.183901

lighthouses: How to use

PhysRevLett.108.113904

[30] Antoine P, L'Huillier A,

10.1103/PhysRevA.53.1725

10.1364/OE.20.003325

Lewenstein M, et al. Theory of highorder harmonic generation by an elliptically polarized laser field. Physical Review A. 1996;**53**:1725-1745. DOI:

[31] An J, Kim DE. Compact in-line autocorrelator using double wedge. Optics Express. 2012;**20**:3325-3330. DOI:

[32] Available at: http://henke.lbl.gov/

optical\_constants/filter2.html [Accessed: 20 May 2018]

QMG4

2013.170

[19] Abel MJ, Pfeifer T, Nagel PM, et al.

[20] Thomann I, Bahabad A, Liu X, et al. Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses from hollow-core waveguides using multi-cycle driving pulses. Optics Express. 2009;**17**:4611-4633. DOI:

[21] Ferrari F, Calegari F, Lucchini M, et al. High-energy isolated attosecond pulses generated by above-saturation few-cycle fields. Nature Photonics. 2010;**4**:875-879. DOI: 10.1038/

Isolated attosecond pulses from ionization gating of high-harmonic emission. Chemical Physics. 2009;**366**: 9-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.

s00340-008-3187-z

2009.09.016

10.1364/OE.17.004611

nphoton.2010.250

10.1364/OL.19.001870

10.1364/OL.37.003891

PhysRevLett.100.103906

**20**

[22] Corkum PB, Burnett NH, Ivanov MY. Subfemtosecond pulses. Optics Letters. 1994;**19**:1870-1872. DOI:

[23] Sola IJ, Mevel E, Elouga L, et al. Controlling attosecond electron dynamics by phase-stabilized polarization gating. Nature Physics. 2006;**2**:319-322. DOI: 10.1038/nphys281

[24] Zhao K, Zhang Q, Chini M, et al. Tailoring a 67 attosecond pulse through advantageous phase-mismatch. Optics Letters. 2012;**37**:3891-3893. DOI:

[25] Mashiko H, Gilbertson S, Li C, et al. Double optical gating of high-order harmonic generation with carrierenvelope phase stabilized lasers. Physical Review Letters. 2008;**100**: 103906/1-103906/4. DOI: 10.1103/
