See **Table 6**.


**43**

**Table 6.**

*Ethical Issues in the New Digital Era: The Case of Assisting Driving*

12 In what circumstances, can automation take control over the car (over-

Information span personal profile, health profile, location tracking,

Cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities—both in relation to personal

18 Acceptable levels of workload—monitoring automation status. Safety, human factors, user

19 Personality traits and assisted driving Safety, societal acceptability,

20 Dealing with emotions and providing feedback to the driver Health monitoring, safety,

21 Does the system provide the driver with feedback about their health? Health monitoring, safety,

23 Environmental implications Legal, user/societal

27 Data transmission? Sharing of information with other parties? Ethics, legal, user/societal

29 Should self-driving vehicles be able to move while unoccupied? Ethics, safety, driver

24 Training required—changes to existing driver training? Safety, legal

25 Recording of information for crash analysis purposes? Similar to cockpit

26 Should self-vehicles be able to operate in normal traffic or in separate

28 Whether drivers expect to find it enjoyable or not? Should it be

30 How should self-driving vehicles interact with other non-self-driving

voice recorder and flight data recorder?

15 Handover issues/transition of control (human to technology handover

17 Safety issues related to equipment or system failure. System/equipment failure and vehicle performance in unexpected situations

22 System and consideration of information available to potential

13 Should the driver be able to take control of the car at any point?

What tasks are suitable to delegate to automation?

**# Question/issue Keywords**

Safety, human factors, legal, ethics, user/societal

Safety, human factors, legal, ethics, user/societal

Legal, ethics, user/societal

Safety, human factors, ethics, user/societal acceptability

Safety, human factors, ethics, user/societal acceptability

Safety, human factors, ethics, user/societal acceptability

user/societal acceptability,

user/societal acceptability,

Safety, driver experience, ethics, legal, user/societal

Safety, ethics, legal, user/ societal acceptability

Driver experience, ethics, legal, user/societal

acceptability

acceptability

experience

Driver experience

Ethics, safety, driver experience

acceptability

acceptability

acceptability

acceptability

ethics, legal

ethics, legal

acceptability

acceptability

ethics

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88371*

ride the decisions of the driver)?

14 Protection of the personal sphere? User control over own information?

and tech to human, etc.)

information and car security

16 Software hack and misuse

passengers?

lanes?

enjoyable?

vehicles?

*Ethical, legal and societal/user acceptability issues.*

Should the driver always be in control?

destination tracking, safety behaviour, etc.

*Ethical Issues in the New Digital Era: The Case of Assisting Driving DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88371*

*Security and Privacy From a Legal, Ethical, and Technical Perspective*

**C. Summary of ethical, legal and societal/user acceptability issues**

**# Question/issue Keywords**

3 Agreeing/defining the role of the individual in the system Ethics, user, societal

7 Balancing expected benefits versus risk (system failure, hacking, etc.) Ethics, user, societal

9 Who is to blame if there in accident—the driver or the co-pilot? Ethics, legal, societal/user

Ethics, user, societal acceptability

Ethics, user, societal acceptability, safety

acceptability, legal

Ethics, user, societal acceptability, legal, safety, driver persistence

Ethics, user, societal acceptability, legal, safety, driver persistence

Ethics, user, societal acceptability, legal, HF

acceptability, legal, HF

acceptability

acceptability

acceptability

Ethics, legal, societal/user

Ethics, legal, societal/user

Ethics, legal, societal/user acceptability, safety

1 How much dependence on technologically complex systems (potentially based on artificial intelligence with machine learning capabilities) will the public accept to achieve, in return, more safety, mobility and

2 Agreeing/defining the purpose and role of these systems? Should the

4 Dealing with conflict between two goals—promoting driver persistence and ensuring road safety (enabling an older driver to continue driving, even if there is a risk of a serious accident given medical background)

> the older adult? Is this something that the older adult chooses (and can modify in real-time), or is it prescribed given profile information?

5 Should the system determine the level of automation/assistance, or

8 What are the legal obligations of the driver, if the driver is taken out of

10 If the driver is in an impaired state (i.e. Alcohol, drug use, medications) should they be allowed driver only if automation take control?

> How should the car act (what aught the automated car do/decision logic), in cases where a choice must be made between one of two evils

Are these reactive and/or predictive systems?

the loop (i.e. full automation)?

What level of impairment is acceptable?

(decision between one human life and another)?

11 Addressing conflict dilemmas on the road?

**42**

See **Table 6**.

**Figure 3.** *Personae (Sam).*

convenience?

6 What is the intended use?

purpose go beyond safety?


### **Table 6.**

*Ethical, legal and societal/user acceptability issues.*
