4.1.1.4 Effect of Xancus pyrum on the biochemical parameters after cisplatin administration

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys.

The renal functions can be estimated by biochemical parameters like BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine is given in Tables 5 and 6. Cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the BUN concentration in serum on 7th day 18.19 0.2 mg/dL and 11th day 2.20 0.04 mg/dL but this was significantly reduced to 7.00 0.12 mg/dL on 7th day and 7.025 0.05 mg/dL on 11th day by


Values are expressed as mean SD. \*

p < 0.05.

\*\*p < 0.01.

\*\*\*p < 0.001.

#### Table 3.

Effect of Xancus pyrum treatment on the serum, liver SGOT levels in cisplatin treated animals.


Values are expressed as mean SD. \*

p < 0.05.

\*\*p < 0.01.

\*\*\*p < 0.001.

#### Table 4.

Effect of Xancus pyrum treatment on the serum, liver SGPT levels in cisplatin treated animals.

Chemoprotective Effect of Edible Gastropod, Xancus pyrum and Its Usefulness… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88655

the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. Similarly urea concentration in serum of cisplatin alone treated animals was increased, that is on 7th day 17.54 0.4 mg/ dL and on 11th day it was 19.71 0.09 mg/dL which was significantly reduced to 15.01 0.2 mg/dL on 7th day and 15.04 0.12 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract.

The urea level was increased drastically in serum of cisplatin alone treated animals, but this was significantly (p < 0.001) reversed by administration of Xancus pyrum extract.

Cisplatin treated animals showed an increase in the level of creatinine 1.438 0.09 mg/dL on 7th day and 1.457 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day in serum which was reversed to 1.07 0.04 mg/dL on 7th day and 0.92 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. It was also found that p-values was less than 0.001 (p < 0.001) showing that the cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum extract was statistically significant. Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases of this century. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy is associated with toxic effect. They kill not only the tumour cell but also normal cells. Both these effects are associated with suppression of immune system. Most of the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents available today are immunosuppressant, cytotoxic and exert several side effects [17]. Modulation of immune system by cytotoxic agents is emerging as a major area in pharmacology, especially in case where undesired immunosuppression is the result of therapy. A major drawback of current cancer therapeutic practices such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy is bone marrow suppression


Values are expressed as mean SD. \*

p < 0.05.

4.1.1.3.2 Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Also called alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

Invertebrates - Ecophysiology and Management

administration of Xancus pyrum extract.

administration

Values are expressed as mean SD. \*

Values are expressed as mean SD. \*

p < 0.05. \*\*p < 0.01. \*\*\*p < 0.001.

Table 3.

p < 0.05. \*\*p < 0.01. \*\*\*p < 0.001.

Table 4.

64

An enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGPT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGPT levels are thus elevated.

(41.545 1.3 IU/L) and SGPT (48.290 1.4 IU/L) in liver. The levels of SGOT and SGPT values are given in Tables 3 and 4. The SGPT level was increased drastically in cisplatin alone treated animals, but this was significantly (p < 0.001) reversed by

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys. The renal functions can be estimated by biochemical parameters like BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine is given in Tables 5 and 6. Cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the BUN concentration in serum on 7th day 18.19 0.2 mg/dL and 11th day 2.20 0.04 mg/dL but this was significantly reduced to 7.00 0.12 mg/dL on 7th day and 7.025 0.05 mg/dL on 11th day by

Group Serum GOT (IU/L) Liver GOT (IU/L) Days 7th day 11th day 7th day 11th day Normal 9.064 0.3 9.172 0.1 90.16 2.9 97.41 2.1 Cisplatin alone 76.92 1.8 82.28 2.7 43.88 2.3 32.67 2.7 Cisplatin + Xancus pyrum 55.93 0.1\*\*\* 52.68 0.4\*\*\* 39.85 0.7\*\* 41.54 1.3\*\*

Effect of Xancus pyrum treatment on the serum, liver SGOT levels in cisplatin treated animals.

Effect of Xancus pyrum treatment on the serum, liver SGPT levels in cisplatin treated animals.

Group Serum GPT (IU/L) Liver GPT (IU/L) Days 7th day 11th day 7th day 11th day Normal 9.390 0.2 9.290 0.04 69.45 2.05 70.36 0.09 Cisplatin alone 74.65 1.4 85.22 2.3 40.91 0.96 32.04 1.9 Cisplatin + Xancus pyrum 58.22 0.3\*\* 55.82 1.8\*\*\* 45.22 0.9\*\* 48.29 1.4\*\*\*

Cisplatin treated animals showed a decrease in the levels of SGOT (32.67 2.7 IU/L) and SGPT (42.04 1.9 IU/L) observed in the liver sample. Administration of Xancus pyrum significantly increased the level of SGOT

4.1.1.4 Effect of Xancus pyrum on the biochemical parameters after cisplatin

\*\*p < 0.01.

\*\*\*p < 0.001.

#### Table 5.

Effect of Xancus pyrum treatment on the serum urea levels in cisplatin treated animals.


\*\*\*p < 0.001.

#### Table 6.

Effect of Xancus pyrum treatment on the serum, liver creatinine levels in cisplatin treated animals.

resulting in cytopenia and subsequent suppression of humural and cellular as well as nonspecific & specific cellular responses [18]. Weight of all relative organs was also increased in cisplatin treated animals by the extract administration, providing supportive evidence for Xancus pyrum extract immunostimulative potential during treatment of cisplatin. The effect of Biophytum sensitivum on the bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase positive cells after the administration of the methanolic extract of Biophytum sensitivum showed a significant (p < 0.001) enhancement in the bone marrow cellularity (28.3 <sup>10</sup><sup>6</sup> cells/femur) compared to the normal control (17.3 <sup>10</sup><sup>6</sup> cells/femur) animals. Moreover the number of <sup>α</sup>-esterase positive cells was also found to be increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the Biophytum sensitivum treated animals (1421 cells/4000 bone marrow cells) compared to the normal animals (905 cells/4000 bone marrow cells [19]. Similarly, the effect of Xancus pyrum on the bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase positive cells after the administration of the methanolic extract of Xancus pyrum showed a significant (p < 0.001) enhancement in the bone marrow cellularity in cisplatin treated animals, there was a drastic reduction in the number of bone marrow cells (25.5 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 1.414 cells/femur) and <sup>α</sup>-esterase positive cells (634.5 3.05 positive cells/4000 cells) compared to Xancus pyrum treated along with cisplatin animals. Treatment with Xancus pyrum could elevate the bone marrow cellularity and number of α-esterase positive cells. In cisplatin treated group of animals along with Xancus pyrum, bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase positive cells was found to be 69.7 105 4.24 cells/femur and 1227 1.414 cells/4000 bone marrow cells. In the present study, chemoprotective effect of Xancus pyrum an important edible gastropod was found in mice. Administration of Xancus pyrum was found to increase the number of bone marrow cells significantly indicating the extract could stimulate the haematopoetic system. Moreover there was increased presence of α-esterase positive bone marrow cells indicating the extract treatment could also enhance the differentiation of stem cells. The extract was found to stimulate the weight of spleen and thymus indicating that Xancus pyrum stimulated the production of immune cells. The increased SGOT and SGPT levels in the serum of cisplatin treated mice can be attributed to the damaged structural integrity of the liver and kidney, because these enzymes are located in cytoplasm and are released into circulation after cellular damage [20]. The present study showed that Xancus pyrum extract had decreased the SGOT and SGPT levels in the serum during the cisplatin treatment in mice. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys. The most common cause of an elevated BUN is poor kidney function. A greatly elevated BUN (>60 mg/dL) generally indicates a moderate-to-severe degree of renal failure. Impaired renal excretion of urea may be due to temporary conditions such as dehydration or shock, or may be due to either acute or chronic disease of the kidneys themselves [21]. Cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the BUN concentration in serum and liver on 7th day and 11th day but this was significantly reduced to by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract, thus it's clear that the poor kidney function was enhanced by the Xancus pyrum extract. Cyclophosphamide treated animals showed an increase in the level of creatinine 1.536 0.0603 mg/dL on 11th day and 1.526 0.03 mg/dL on 15th day in serum which was reversed to 1.17 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day 0.87 mg/dL on 15th day by the administration of Bauhinia tomentosa [22].

insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, and some forms of cancer. While intakes of saturated, trans, and arachidonic fatty acids have been linked to the development of chronic disease, research shows omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, specifically fish oils or in marine mollusks are essential in the prevention and treatment of disease. It is scientifically proven marine gastropod—Xancus pyrum is an edible gastropod which contains 8–10% of protein, 4–5% of carbohydrates 2–3% of minerals, and 1–2% of fat. This also contains omega 3 fatty acids [23]. The cisplatin treated animals showed high reduction in the weight of all the organs such as 0.23 0.02 g/100 g body weight of spleen, 0.17 0.01 g/100 g body weight of thymus, 3.7 0.19 g/100 g body weight of liver, 1.2 0.01 g/100 g body weight of kidney, 0.62 0.01 g/100 g body weight of lungs. The cisplatin treated along with Xancus pyrum mice showed a significantly increase in the weight of all the organs such as 0.34 0.072 g/100 g body weight of spleen, 0.23 0.01 g/100 g body weight of thymus, 4.84 0.05 g/

Chemoprotective Effect of Edible Gastropod, Xancus pyrum and Its Usefulness…

100 g body weight of liver, 1.37 0.18 g/100 g body weight of kidney,

The p-values of cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum for spleen was p < 0.01, which was less significant but for thymus, liver, kidney and lungs it was p < 0.05 which was considered to be statistically significant. The number of bone marrow cells as well as α-esterase positive cells was decreased drastically in cisplatin alone treated animals, but this was significantly (p < 0.001) reversed by administration of Xancus pyrum. In cisplatin treated animals, on the 7th day there was a drastic reduction in the number of bone marrow cells (25.5 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 1.414 cells/ femur) and α-esterase positive cells (634.5 3.05 positive cells/4000 cells) compared to Xancus pyrum treated along with cisplatin animals. Treatment with Xancus pyrum could elevate the bone marrow cellularity and number of α-esterase positive cells. In cisplatin treated group of animals along with Xancus pyrum, bone marrow cellularity and <sup>α</sup>-esterase positive cells was found to be 68.30 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 4.24 cells/ femur and 1179 2.121 cells/4000 bone marrow cells respectively on 7th day and it was again enhanced to 69.7 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 4.24 cells/femur and 1227 1.414 cells/4000 bone marrow cells on 11th day respectively compare to the cisplatin alone treated animals (20.93 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 3.055 cells/femur and 620.66 3.05 cells/4000 bone

A significant increase of the levels of SGOT (82.280 2.7 IU/L) and SGPT (85.22 2.393 IU/L) observed in the serum samples of cisplatin alone treated group was reversed by the administration of Xancus pyrum. Treatment with cisplatin along with Xancus pyrum significantly reduced the levels of SGOT (52.68 0.46 IU/L) and SGPT (55.820 1.814 IU/L) in serum. Cisplatin treated animals showed a decrease in the levels of SGOT (32.67 2.7 IU/L) & SGPT (42.04 1.9 IU/L) observed in the liver sample. Administration of Xancus pyrum significantly

increased the level of SGOT (41.545 1.3 IU/L) and SGPT (48.290 1.4 IU/L) in liver. It was also found that p-values was less than 0.001 (p < 0.001) showing that the cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum extract was statistically

The renal functions can be estimated by biochemical parameters like BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine. Cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the BUN concentration in serum on 7th day 18.19 0.2 mg/dL and 11th day 2.20 0.04 mg/dL but this was significantly reduced to 7.00 0.12 mg/dL on 7th day and 7.025 0.05 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. Similarly urea concentration in serum of cisplatin alone treated animals was

19.71 0.09 mg/dL which was significantly reduced to 15.01 0.2 mg/dL on 7th day and 15.04 0.12 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. It was also found that p-values was less than 0.001 (p < 0.001) showing that the cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum extract was statistically

increased, that is on 7th day 17.54 0.4 mg/dL and on 11th day it was

0.769 0.05 g/100 g body weight of lungs.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88655

marrow cells).

significant.

67

Similarly, cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the level of creatinine 1.438 0.09 mg/dL on 7th day and 1.457 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day in serum which was reversed to 1.07 0.04 mg/dL on 7th day and 0.92 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. Many well-recognized problems are associated with excessive intake of dietary fat, including obesity,

Chemoprotective Effect of Edible Gastropod, Xancus pyrum and Its Usefulness… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88655

insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, and some forms of cancer. While intakes of saturated, trans, and arachidonic fatty acids have been linked to the development of chronic disease, research shows omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, specifically fish oils or in marine mollusks are essential in the prevention and treatment of disease. It is scientifically proven marine gastropod—Xancus pyrum is an edible gastropod which contains 8–10% of protein, 4–5% of carbohydrates 2–3% of minerals, and 1–2% of fat. This also contains omega 3 fatty acids [23]. The cisplatin treated animals showed high reduction in the weight of all the organs such as 0.23 0.02 g/100 g body weight of spleen, 0.17 0.01 g/100 g body weight of thymus, 3.7 0.19 g/100 g body weight of liver, 1.2 0.01 g/100 g body weight of kidney, 0.62 0.01 g/100 g body weight of lungs. The cisplatin treated along with Xancus pyrum mice showed a significantly increase in the weight of all the organs such as 0.34 0.072 g/100 g body weight of spleen, 0.23 0.01 g/100 g body weight of thymus, 4.84 0.05 g/ 100 g body weight of liver, 1.37 0.18 g/100 g body weight of kidney, 0.769 0.05 g/100 g body weight of lungs.

The p-values of cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum for spleen was p < 0.01, which was less significant but for thymus, liver, kidney and lungs it was p < 0.05 which was considered to be statistically significant. The number of bone marrow cells as well as α-esterase positive cells was decreased drastically in cisplatin alone treated animals, but this was significantly (p < 0.001) reversed by administration of Xancus pyrum. In cisplatin treated animals, on the 7th day there was a drastic reduction in the number of bone marrow cells (25.5 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 1.414 cells/ femur) and α-esterase positive cells (634.5 3.05 positive cells/4000 cells) compared to Xancus pyrum treated along with cisplatin animals. Treatment with Xancus pyrum could elevate the bone marrow cellularity and number of α-esterase positive cells. In cisplatin treated group of animals along with Xancus pyrum, bone marrow cellularity and <sup>α</sup>-esterase positive cells was found to be 68.30 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 4.24 cells/ femur and 1179 2.121 cells/4000 bone marrow cells respectively on 7th day and it was again enhanced to 69.7 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 4.24 cells/femur and 1227 1.414 cells/4000 bone marrow cells on 11th day respectively compare to the cisplatin alone treated animals (20.93 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 3.055 cells/femur and 620.66 3.05 cells/4000 bone marrow cells).

A significant increase of the levels of SGOT (82.280 2.7 IU/L) and SGPT (85.22 2.393 IU/L) observed in the serum samples of cisplatin alone treated group was reversed by the administration of Xancus pyrum. Treatment with cisplatin along with Xancus pyrum significantly reduced the levels of SGOT (52.68 0.46 IU/L) and SGPT (55.820 1.814 IU/L) in serum. Cisplatin treated animals showed a decrease in the levels of SGOT (32.67 2.7 IU/L) & SGPT (42.04 1.9 IU/L) observed in the liver sample. Administration of Xancus pyrum significantly increased the level of SGOT (41.545 1.3 IU/L) and SGPT (48.290 1.4 IU/L) in liver. It was also found that p-values was less than 0.001 (p < 0.001) showing that the cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum extract was statistically significant.

The renal functions can be estimated by biochemical parameters like BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine. Cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the BUN concentration in serum on 7th day 18.19 0.2 mg/dL and 11th day 2.20 0.04 mg/dL but this was significantly reduced to 7.00 0.12 mg/dL on 7th day and 7.025 0.05 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. Similarly urea concentration in serum of cisplatin alone treated animals was increased, that is on 7th day 17.54 0.4 mg/dL and on 11th day it was 19.71 0.09 mg/dL which was significantly reduced to 15.01 0.2 mg/dL on 7th day and 15.04 0.12 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. It was also found that p-values was less than 0.001 (p < 0.001) showing that the cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum extract was statistically

resulting in cytopenia and subsequent suppression of humural and cellular as well as nonspecific & specific cellular responses [18]. Weight of all relative organs was also increased in cisplatin treated animals by the extract administration, providing supportive evidence for Xancus pyrum extract immunostimulative potential during treatment of cisplatin. The effect of Biophytum sensitivum on the bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase positive cells after the administration of the methanolic extract of Biophytum sensitivum showed a significant (p < 0.001) enhancement in the bone marrow cellularity (28.3 <sup>10</sup><sup>6</sup> cells/femur) compared to the normal control (17.3 <sup>10</sup><sup>6</sup> cells/femur) animals. Moreover the number of <sup>α</sup>-esterase positive cells was also found to be increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the Biophytum sensitivum treated animals (1421 cells/4000 bone marrow cells) compared to the normal animals (905 cells/4000 bone marrow cells [19]. Similarly, the effect of Xancus pyrum on the bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase positive cells after the administration of the methanolic extract of Xancus pyrum showed a significant (p < 0.001) enhancement in the bone marrow cellularity in cisplatin treated animals, there was a drastic reduction in the number of bone marrow cells

Invertebrates - Ecophysiology and Management

(25.5 <sup>10</sup><sup>5</sup> 1.414 cells/femur) and <sup>α</sup>-esterase positive cells (634.5 3.05 positive cells/4000 cells) compared to Xancus pyrum treated along with cisplatin animals. Treatment with Xancus pyrum could elevate the bone marrow cellularity and number of α-esterase positive cells. In cisplatin treated group of animals along with Xancus pyrum, bone marrow cellularity and α-esterase positive cells was found to be 69.7 105 4.24 cells/femur and 1227 1.414 cells/4000 bone marrow cells. In the present study, chemoprotective effect of Xancus pyrum an important edible gastropod was found in mice. Administration of Xancus pyrum was found to increase the number of bone marrow cells significantly indicating the extract could stimulate the haematopoetic system. Moreover there was increased presence of α-esterase positive bone marrow cells indicating the extract treatment could also enhance the differentiation of stem cells. The extract was found to stimulate the weight of spleen and thymus indicating that Xancus pyrum stimulated the production of immune cells. The increased SGOT and SGPT levels in the serum of cisplatin treated mice can be attributed to the damaged structural integrity of the liver and kidney, because these enzymes are located in cytoplasm and are released into circulation after cellular damage [20]. The present study showed that Xancus pyrum extract had decreased the SGOT and SGPT levels in the serum during the cisplatin treatment in mice. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a substance secreted by the liver, and removed from the blood by the kidneys. The most common cause of an elevated BUN is poor kidney function. A greatly elevated BUN (>60 mg/dL) generally indicates a moderate-to-severe degree of renal failure. Impaired renal excretion of urea may be due to temporary conditions such as dehydration or shock, or may be due to either acute or chronic disease of the kidneys themselves [21]. Cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the BUN concentration in serum and liver on 7th day and 11th day but this was significantly reduced to by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract, thus it's clear that the poor kidney function was enhanced by the Xancus pyrum extract. Cyclophos-

phamide treated animals showed an increase in the level of creatinine

administration of Bauhinia tomentosa [22].

66

1.536 0.0603 mg/dL on 11th day and 1.526 0.03 mg/dL on 15th day in serum which was reversed to 1.17 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day 0.87 mg/dL on 15th day by the

Similarly, cisplatin administration in mice was found to increase the level of creatinine 1.438 0.09 mg/dL on 7th day and 1.457 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day in serum which was reversed to 1.07 0.04 mg/dL on 7th day and 0.92 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. Many well-recognized problems are associated with excessive intake of dietary fat, including obesity,

significant. Cisplatin treated animals showed an increase in the level of creatinine 1.438 0.09 mg/dL on 7th day and 1.457 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day in serum which was reversed to 1.07 0.04 mg/dL on 7th day and 0.92 0.08 mg/dL on 11th day by the administration of Xancus pyrum extract. It was also found that p-values was less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) showing that the cisplatin treated animals along with Xancus pyrum extract was statistically significant.

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[16] Nicolau KC, Hepworth D, King NP, Finlay MRV. Chemistry biology and

polymerizing agents. Pure and Applied

[17] Chen P, Huang W-B, Wang K-J. Immunomodulation in the marine gastropod Haliotis diversicolor exposed to benzo(a)pyrene. Oceanography and Environmental Science. 2003:132-144

[18] Aditya SA. Synthesis of some phenacyl nicotinate as potential anticholesterolemic agent. Proceedings of the National Chemotherapeutic Conference II. 1976;2:46-59

[19] Moltedo S, Rashid S, Lodhi F, Ahmad M. Preliminary cardiovascular

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[3] Garcia-Fernandez LF, Reyes F, Sanchez-Puelles JM. The marine

[4] Haefner B. Drugs from the deep marine. Drug Discovery Today. 2003;8:

[5] Goodman LS, Wintrobe MM, Dameshek W, Goodman MJ, Gilman A, McLennan MT. Nitrogen mustard therapy. The Lancet Oncology. 2002:

[7] Jaiprakash, Gupta SK. Natural products for chemoprevention. Indian Journal of Medical and Pediatric

[8] Bouchet P. New records and species

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[9] Venkatesan RM, Vijayakumaran, Gopal R, Kathiroli S. Marine organisms in Indian medicines and their future prospects. Natural Product Radiance.

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[6] Girdhani S, Bhosle SM, Thulsidas SA, Kumar A, Mishra KP. Potential of radio sensitizing agents in cancer chemoradiotherapy. Journal on Cancer Therapeutics. 2005:125129

pharmacy, new antitumoral compounds from the sea. Pharmaceutical News.

In the past several decades, thousands of marine compounds with tremendous pharmacological activities have been isolated and more than a dozen of them are in different stages of human clinical trials against various diseases. Thus from above mentioned experiment it is clearly known that the gastropod Xancus pyrum has reduced the side effects that is been caused by cisplatin (chemo drug). In the present study, chemoprotective effect of Xancus pyrum an important edible gastropod was studied. Administration of Xancus pyrum was found to increase the number of bone marrow cells significantly indicating the extract could stimulate the haematopoetic system. Moreover there was increased presence of α-esterase positive bone marrow cells indicating the extract treatment could also enhance the differentiation of stem cells. The extract was found to stimulate the weight of spleen and thymus indicating that Xancus pyrum stimulated the production of immune cells.
