**Author details**

*Extremophilic Microbes and Metabolites - Diversity, Bioprospecting and Biotechnological...*

One can exploit enzymes from extremophile *Archaea* that can endure high temperatures and organic solvents. Acidophiles are used in coal mining to recover metallic minerals and to reduce sulfur levels. Alkaliphiles are used in paper making and spilled oil recovery, besides being used as a common ingredient in dish washing detergent and laundry soap. *Thermus aquaticus* an extremophile that endures high temperature produces an enzyme called *Taq* polymerase that has transformed molecular biology all over the world by aiding in quick DNA replication during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The extremophiles are immensely used in medical and food microbiology, industrial fermentations to produce acetone, butanol, etc. The understanding of microbial diversity in extreme habitats like wetlands can propose research strategies and priorities to integrate understanding of plant-microbial interactions. Further, studies should provide the break through to link distribution and distinctiveness of various gastrointestinal microbes in their natural environment and to discover their genetic potential for livestock wellbeing and industrial progress by making a significant contribution in understanding ruminant nutrition. Research in microbial genomics will provide the opportunity to make sure that this knowledge is used to enhance ruminant production through an improved understanding of microbial function and ecology.

*Methanogenic sequences identified in ruminants around the world.*

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**Figure 2.**

Farah Naz Faridi1 \* and Saba Khan2

1 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India

2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

\*Address all correspondence to: farah.faridi@gmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
