**8. Summary**

Research on reefal bays revealed that inner bay waters exiting the channel between reefs recirculated into the back-reef, and that this circulation was localized and permanent around reefs as the signature circulation. The distinctive topology of reef arms subtending the headland and separated by a prominent channel induced particles to circulate the reef in expanding and contracting gyres. Gyres expanded by as much as 98% of the horizontal distribution, with expansion and contraction linked to cyclical wind and tidal regimes, giving the reefal system a signature pulse in circulation. Strengthening of the circulation around the reef resulted in closure of looping circulation, increased recirculation rate of particles, increased gyre current speeds and broadening of the circulation's spatial extent.

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One reef arm's circulation would dominate over the other at the peaks of these cycles, exhibiting gyre dominance. Increased variability of particle retention was also characteristic. These signatures were not evident in an adjacent open, non-reefal bay used as a comparison. The stability, spatial spread and localization of the circulation therefore defined this circumreef circulation and identifies its association with reefal bays in particular, where the reef functions as the centre of a dynamic bay.
