**6.3 Electron beam melting**

Electron beam melting (EBM), shown in **Figure 14**, is one of the additive manufacturing processes which fabricated titanium coatings by melting and deposition of metal powders, layer-by-layer, using a magnetically directed electron beam. Though this method was proved to be successful, it has high set-up costs due to the requirement of high vacuum atmosphere [7].

## **6.4 Selective laser melting**

Selective laser melting (SLM), shown in **Figure 15** is the second additive manufacturing method for titanium alloy coatings which completely melt the powder using a high-power laser beam. Similarly, this method is costly because it requires advanced high rate cooling systems. Moreover, the fluctuations of temperatures during processing negatively affect the quality of the products [1].
