**2. Synthesis methods of 2D materials**

### **2.1 Graphene**

Graphene can be synthesized by several methods depending on the required quality and quantity. (I) Chemical exfoliation method by modified Hummers method [1] is one of the popular methods for graphene oxide growth based on suitable oxidizing agents from graphite oxide. This method offers a large amount of graphene products and is of low cost. (II) Electrochemical exfoliation method is based on formation of graphene product from graphite rod or highly orientated pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by using electricity for exfoliation of the graphite rod or HOPG immersed into electrolyte solutions [2]. (III) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method provides high-quality graphene products with controllable graphene layers over a large-scale area [3, 4]. Usually, methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) were used as carbon source for graphene growths on copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni) foam under high temperature around 1000°C.
