Infrastructure Investigations, Tsunami Disaster Mapping and Novel 3-D Reconstruction

*Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications, Tsunami...*

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Chapter 6

Abstract

Infrastructures

facilities are demonstrated in this chapter.

1. Introduction

107

earthborn/construction vibration, infrastructure

Keywords: health monitoring, accelerometers, velometers,

displacement transducers, strain sensors, frequency response function,

health monitoring projects, especially those associated with vibration.

cross-power spectrum, power spectral density, bridge dynamic testing, seismology,

In order to acquire infrastructural health data, proper sensor knowledge and technology are required. This article first introduces in situ remote sensing and then provides a review of some sensors that are useful and currently implemented in

A project on the development of a self-sustained wireless integrated structural

health monitoring (ISHM) system for highway bridges was sponsored by the USDOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) [1]. Figure 1 shows the wireless ISHM system with remote sensing ability: (1) wireless sensor

Utilization of Dynamic and

Chung C. Fu, Yifan Zhu and Kuang-Yuan Hou

Static Sensors for Monitoring

Infrastructures, including bridges, tunnels, sewers, and telecommunications, may be exposed to environmental-induced or traffic-induced deformation and vibrations. Some infrastructures, such as bridges and roadside upright structures, may be sensitive to vibration and displacement where several different types of dynamic and static sensors may be used for their measurement of sensitivity to environmental-induced loads, like wind and earthquake, and traffic-induced loads, such as passing trucks. Remote sensing involves either in situ, on-site, or airborne sensing where in situ sensors, such as strain gauges, displacement transducers, velometers, and accelerometers, are considered conventional but more durable and reliable. With data collected by accelerometers, time histories may be obtained, transformed, and then analyzed to determine their modal frequencies and shapes, while with displacement and strain transducers, structural deflections and internal stress distribution may be measured, respectively. Field tests can be used to characterize the dynamic and static properties of the infrastructures and may be further used to show their changes due to damage. Additionally, representative field applications on bridge dynamic testing, seismology, and earthborn/construction vibration are explained. Sensor data can be analyzed to establish the trend and ensure optimal structural health. At the end, five case studies on bridges and industry

## Chapter 6
