**5. Conclusions**

This chapter reviews the fundamental requirements for animals' air conditioning (AC) particularly for developing countries. The significance of ventilation rate and the associated animal housing designs are discussed from the view-point of energy-efficient climatic control systems. The study explores the literature related to temperature humidity index for Holstein Friesian cows. The importance of evaporative cooling systems is obvious in developing countries; however, this chapter highlights its usage/integration with the thermally-driven desiccant based open cycle systems. In this regard, the study focuses the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The performance of two kinds of evaporative and desiccant based AC systems is checked for the subjected application. Results indicate that the performance of the systems vary with the climatic conditions and systems' operation. The standalone desiccant AC (D-AC) system nicely dehumidifies the air which increases the temperature as well due to adsorption heat. However, the dry warm air is unable to provide the optimum thermal comfort conditions for the animals for most of the climatic conditions. However, M-cycle assisted desiccant AC (M-DAC) system dehumidifies the air on one side whereas it also control the sensible AC load on the other side. Thus, it makes it feasible to provide thermal comfort conditions for animals for most of the climatic conditions. Thus, it is energy efficient to use the evaporative cooling options in humid climates if integrated with desiccant units. The D-AC system should be used only for humid climatic conditions where latent load control (dehumidification) is mainly required. The D-AC system is not found effective for the summer conditions of Multan, Pakistan. However, it may be used for drying purposes as per authors' previous work. The M-DAC system is good to use in all kind of humid climatic conditions including the hotter regions. It has been found feasible for thermal comfort of cows for summer conditions including rainy season for Multan, Pakistan.

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