**5. Conclusions**

In this study, atenolol nanocrystals had been developed successfully by highspeed homogenization and simultaneous drying, which have shown an improved dissolution and permeability behavior compared to that of the pure drug. Statistical analysis revealed speed of homogenizer had bigger effect on the three observed parameters, whereas amount of surfactant had a lesser effect on them. SEM pictures had shown that the size of the particles obtained after homogenization is below 1 μm*.* This implied that the size of the drug crystals in these particles was of nanoscale. Therefore, it can be concluded that the selected method of nanocrystal formation and its further optimization by factorial design was effective to increase the solubility, as well as permeability of atenolol.

## **Acknowledgements**

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Graduate Studies and Research Section of the Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, through project No. 20190031.

### **Conflict of interest**

The author declares no conflict of interest.

## **Author details**

Luis Castañeda

Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Casco de Santo Tomas, Cd. de México, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: lcastaneda@ipn.mx

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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