Conflict of interest

Photocatalyst Synthesized

g-C3N4/ CNTs/Au

Nanocatalysts

Method

Type of pollutants

Rhodamine (RhB)

The growing concern over the scarcity of clean water sources due to a fast development of industrialization has force a rapid breakthrough dedicated to the development of advanced photocatalyst system. Over the past few years, the studies on g-C3N4 based photocatalyst have witnessed auspicious potential promises by this photocatalyst in environmental remediation applications. To date, the profound photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 based photocatalyst is mainly governed by its intrinsic features such as metal-free photocatalyst and good light absorption properties owing to its medium band-gap energy of 2.7 eV. In this chapter, the synthesis, properties and photocatalytic application of g-C3N4 are summarized. Then, the most recent strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the g-C3N4

Although profound performance had been reported in most of the recent studies, the promising potential of g-C3N4 based photocatalyst has yet to be exploited fully. The main challenges which are yet to be mitigated are (i) green synthesizing method which can produce high surface area and good photostability photocatalyst, (ii) the control of surface kinetics on g-C3N4 photocatalyst which can promote the photocharge separation and migration, (iii) the use of real industrial wastewater in analyzing the performance of g-C3N4 based photocatalyst, (iv) improving the reactor design to achieve the optimum photocatalytic performance with the lowest cost and (v) the utilization of real

The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Centre of Innovative

g-C3N4/AC NR Phenol 50 mg/L 350WXe

g-C3N4 Polycondensation Pharmaceutical 20 mg/L

Ultra-sonication Aqueous

4. Conclusions and future directions

photocatalyst are highlighted.

Acknowledgements

36

sunlight as a light source during the analysis process.

Pollutants concentration

10 mg/L

250 mL Visible

Source of light

lamp

35 W Xenon lamp

light

Degradation efficiency

100% phenol removal after 160 min

Photocatalyst showed the capacity to degrade the pollutants in the sequence: tetracycline > ciprofloxacin > salicylic acid > ibuprofen

100 vol% Au dispersion with a 60: 40 mass ratio of g-C3N4 to CNTs exhibited optimal photocatalytic activity

Ref.

[45]

[46]

[47]

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
