**6. Conclusion**

This chapter demonstrated the identification of lard discrimination using GC-TOF MS for cow and chicken fats. GC-TOF MS provides confirmation of lard biomarker that is different with other animal fats for their volatile hydrocarbon compounds in which complex compounds such as benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-, hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester, and p-cymene give significant higher compositional percentage in lard fat compared to other animal fats.
