**Author details**

*Mass Spectrometry - Future Perceptions and Applications*

**100**

**6. Conclusion**

**Table 3.**

**Acknowledgements**

Buana (UTP-UMB) Collaboration.

This chapter demonstrated the identification of lard discrimination using GC-TOF MS for cow and chicken fats. GC-TOF MS provides confirmation of lard biomarker that is different with other animal fats for their volatile hydrocarbon compounds in which complex compounds such as benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-, hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester, and p-cymene give significant

higher compositional percentage in lard fat compared to other animal fats.

*Resulted composition of aromatic hydrocarbons for lard, chicken, and cow fats [77].*

The author acknowledges the financial support by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) under STIRF-UTP, fund/project code: 0153AA-F71 and International Grant under Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS—Universitas Mercu Gunawan Witjaksono1 \* and Sagir Alva2

1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia

\*Address all correspondence to: gunawan.witjaksono@utp.edu.my

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
