**4.3 Step 3: analysing flood impact**

The third step is flood impact analysis, in which possible problem communities may face in the event of a flood are identified. The most important thing is for

**Figure 8.** *Estimated number of affected residents in Calumpit.*

*Recent Advances in Flood Risk Management*

**46**

**Figure 7.**

**Figure 6.**

*Maximum inundation depth maps.*

*Maps and chart for each barangay (example of Barangay Santa Lucia).*

#### **Figure 9.**

*Estimated number of affected residents in each barangay.*

communities to understand how flood impact becomes severer according to flood scales so that they can take sensible measures to increase disaster preparedness by themselves. Two flood-prone barangays were selected as model sites to develop flood contingency plans with barangay leaders and members through workshops. The participants of the workshops discussed problems on key components, such as information communication, evacuation, housing, water, food, relief goods, medical treatment and transportation, for three flood patterns identified in step 2: ordinary flood, high flood and extreme flood.

**Table 2** summarises the impact of floods identified at the workshops in the two barangays. In case of high flood, many houses may be inundated, and the residents may experience various types of damage to their livelihood, while only non-elevated houses may be inundated in ordinary foods. The participants anticipated problems associated with information acquisition, capacities of evacuation centres, supplies of water, power, relief goods, availability of medical treatment and transportation. In case of extreme flood, they anticipated difficulty in repairing houses as a considerable number of inundated houses may well mean the shortage of construction materials. A photo in **Figure 10** shows a scene of a workshop.

#### **4.4 Step 4: developing response strategies**

At this step, necessary actions associated with the flood impact on each key component identified in step 3 are discussed at each community according to the time sequence of "before the flood", "during the flood" and "after the flood disaster". For this purpose, the second workshop was held at each of the two barangays. At the workshop, the participants were requested to share opinions on necessary actions by

**49**

**Figure 10.**

*Workshop at Barangay Bulusan.*

*Evidence-Based Contingency Planning to Enhance Local Resilience to Flood Disasters*

writing them down on Post-its and show them to other participants. Then, the actions presented by the participants were sorted out into two categories: actions that a barangay should implement immediately as self-help and mutual support and requests that a barangay should make to municipal, provincial or national governments as public assistance. This activity will help clarify actions to be taken by themselves and requests to be made to higher administrative organisations. **Tables 3** and **4** summarise the results of the discussions at the two barangay workshops on what they should do before, during and after the flood and what they should request. The participants found the importance of response strategies on actions such as informing water levels regularly to the municipal office, leading residents to evacuate quickly to a safer place, keeping relief goods dry, saving children and seniors and supporting residents in

Although self-help and mutual support among residents are the priority for community disaster management, actions available for them are often limited due to budget and manpower constraints. At the series of workshops, the participants listed the requests they would like to make to higher administrative organisations,

as shown in **Table 4**. **Figures 11** and **12** are photos taken at workshops.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82312*

getting back to normal life quickly.

*Impact of floods on barangay identified at workshops.*

**Table 2.**

*Evidence-Based Contingency Planning to Enhance Local Resilience to Flood Disasters DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82312*


#### **Table 2.**

*Recent Advances in Flood Risk Management*

communities to understand how flood impact becomes severer according to flood scales so that they can take sensible measures to increase disaster preparedness by themselves. Two flood-prone barangays were selected as model sites to develop flood contingency plans with barangay leaders and members through workshops. The participants of the workshops discussed problems on key components, such as information communication, evacuation, housing, water, food, relief goods, medical treatment and transportation, for three flood patterns identified in step 2:

**Table 2** summarises the impact of floods identified at the workshops in the two barangays. In case of high flood, many houses may be inundated, and the residents may experience various types of damage to their livelihood, while only non-elevated houses may be inundated in ordinary foods. The participants anticipated problems associated with information acquisition, capacities of evacuation centres, supplies of water, power, relief goods, availability of medical treatment and transportation. In case of extreme flood, they anticipated difficulty in repairing houses as a considerable number of inundated houses may well mean the shortage of construction materials. A photo in **Figure 10** shows a scene of a workshop.

At this step, necessary actions associated with the flood impact on each key component identified in step 3 are discussed at each community according to the time sequence of "before the flood", "during the flood" and "after the flood disaster". For this purpose, the second workshop was held at each of the two barangays. At the workshop, the participants were requested to share opinions on necessary actions by

ordinary flood, high flood and extreme flood.

*Estimated number of affected residents in each barangay.*

**4.4 Step 4: developing response strategies**

**48**

**Figure 9.**

*Impact of floods on barangay identified at workshops.*

writing them down on Post-its and show them to other participants. Then, the actions presented by the participants were sorted out into two categories: actions that a barangay should implement immediately as self-help and mutual support and requests that a barangay should make to municipal, provincial or national governments as public assistance. This activity will help clarify actions to be taken by themselves and requests to be made to higher administrative organisations. **Tables 3** and **4** summarise the results of the discussions at the two barangay workshops on what they should do before, during and after the flood and what they should request. The participants found the importance of response strategies on actions such as informing water levels regularly to the municipal office, leading residents to evacuate quickly to a safer place, keeping relief goods dry, saving children and seniors and supporting residents in getting back to normal life quickly.

Although self-help and mutual support among residents are the priority for community disaster management, actions available for them are often limited due to budget and manpower constraints. At the series of workshops, the participants listed the requests they would like to make to higher administrative organisations, as shown in **Table 4**. **Figures 11** and **12** are photos taken at workshops.

**Figure 10.** *Workshop at Barangay Bulusan.*


#### **Table 3.**

*Results of discussion on actions to be taken in the barangay.*


#### **Table 4.**

*Results of discussion on requests to higher administrative organisations.*
