*5.2.4.2 Social effects*

The social effects of the city's population, their family composition, their indigenous culture, and their psychological effects are based on three main factors that should be taken into account: the indicators of flood (FI), people at risk, and their

**Figure 13.** *Modeling the environmental impact of the floods.*

vulnerability (AC). These three factors are combined in the following mathematical equation:

$$\text{SI} = \text{0.5FI} + \text{0.25 V} + \text{0.25 AC} \tag{1}$$

**79**

*Flood Risk and Vulnerability of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia*

national voluntary efforts in this area.

Protection in Saudi Arabia.

natural disaster management.

and their applications.

of precipitation.

basins.

with them when necessary.

**5.3 Toward a future vision for assessing environmental impact**

• Raise awareness of environmental issues, establish a sense of individual and collective responsibility for maintaining and improving them, and encourage

• Make environmental planning an integral part of comprehensive planning for

• Adhere to the General Regulations of the Environment and the Implementing Regulations issued by the General Presidency of Meteorology and Environmental

• Form a national emergency management body responsible for preparing for natural disasters, developing ready-made rescue programs, and taking precau-

• Develop an early warning system based on modern technology, which is linked with relevant departments, such as traffic, civil defense, the secretariat, the governorate, the Ministry of Meteorology, and government and private hospitals, and inform the population in all available ways and means, including the use of mobile phones.

• Establish cooperation between officials and decision-makers to enhance pre-

• Develop awareness programs among the different segments of society, and activate its role to learn how to deal with disaster at the time of its occurrence.

• Implement periodic and continuous reviews of all systems and plans related to

• Review and study all systems related to regional planning, especially with regard to the determination of the urban scope of each city to identify the lack of plans

• Take advantage of the experiences of countries that are at risk, and cooperate

• Activate the role of maintenance of equipment and rain streams in the seasons

• Give attention to the preparation of hydrological studies and the exploitation of

• Adopt some measures for existing buildings to reduce their risk of flooding [18]: ○ Ensuring the security of persons by establishing an area of refuge, facilitating the passage of the interests of rescue and debris, preventing the floating of waste on water, and checking the location of swimming pools and water

their results in the completion of various development projects.

• Set up training courses for constituents and other community groups.

paredness and response, in order to deal with natural disasters.

development in all industrial, agricultural, urban, and other fields.

In this context, the following points can be formulated:

tions to deal with risks before and after they occur.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82073*

This process aims to assess the social impact index (SI) at various levels: "high, medium, and low" [17].

#### *5.2.4.3 Economic damage*

The assessment of economic damage depends on the knowledge of the relationship between the losses caused by a particular type of property due to floods and flood indicators, especially the depth of water, its speed, duration, and pollution according to the basic spatial unit adopted in the research scale.

#### *5.2.4.4 Evaluation of social and economic impacts*

The assessment of social and economic impacts requires the use of complementary data sources that allow for the identification of new characteristics identified in the presentation analysis of the estimated cost of property, the number of people living in the property, the sensitivity and social vulnerability, and the adaptive capacity of the affected society.

#### *5.2.4.5 Sensitivity analysis*

In this context, a very important variable is needed, which affects the modeling of flood risk and the emergence of some uncertainty in the digital process of assessing the impact of floods on the environment, namely knowledge of the water level, which is due mainly to the lack of data needed for careful study of such topics.

*Recent Advances in Flood Risk Management*

vulnerability (AC). These three factors are combined in the following mathematical

SI = 0.5FI + 0.25 V + 0.25 AC (1)

This process aims to assess the social impact index (SI) at various levels: "high,

The assessment of economic damage depends on the knowledge of the relationship between the losses caused by a particular type of property due to floods and flood indicators, especially the depth of water, its speed, duration, and pollution

The assessment of social and economic impacts requires the use of complementary data sources that allow for the identification of new characteristics identified in the presentation analysis of the estimated cost of property, the number of people living in the property, the sensitivity and social vulnerability, and the adaptive

In this context, a very important variable is needed, which affects the modeling of flood risk and the emergence of some uncertainty in the digital process of assessing the impact of floods on the environment, namely knowledge of the water level, which is due mainly to the lack of data needed for careful study of

according to the basic spatial unit adopted in the research scale.

*5.2.4.4 Evaluation of social and economic impacts*

**78**

such topics.

equation:

**Figure 13.**

medium, and low" [17].

*Modeling the environmental impact of the floods.*

*5.2.4.3 Economic damage*

capacity of the affected society.

*5.2.4.5 Sensitivity analysis*
