**Abstract**

To date, the abductive is maintained as a method by which premises or isolated conjectures are generated from deductive and inductive methods, whose basis is convergence and divergence, respectively. The vast majority of authors do not relate the abductive method to the scientific method. Starting from a descriptive methodology and deductive analysis, the objective of the work is to propose a new pattern of extended use of the abductive method and its interaction with the inductive method based on divergence and, in this way, schematically and organically achieve a convergent procedure of support for the production of new knowledge. In this chapter, a model is established integrating the abductive n times with the divergence, and, logically, unifying and integrating are reduced until reaching a solution by convergence and, in this way, to achieve alternative processes of preparation and academic training to support and comply with the requirements of promotion and doctoral thesis in relation to generating new knowledge, as established in the rules that govern it in Venezuela.

**Keywords:** abductive divergence, abduction, convergence interaction

## **1. Introduction**

The production of knowledge has always been a necessity, and it is the final fruit of research and education. The search for knowledge has a very clear objective and concludes in the contribution that occurs when there is an invention or an innovation, but, when analyzing the different countries, the difference between being and not developing depends on how their level is in science and technology. Venezuela as a country has three major problems: the low production of knowledge, the syndrome of anything but thesis in doctoral studies, and the elimination of the requirements of having a doctorate for promotion to the last categories in some universities. Starting from this problematic, the present chapter is developed in which, centered on a deductive documentary methodology, a conceptual framework of abduction and divergence is defined, which are integrated to establish a convergent model of knowledge production with its corresponding stages. In Venezuela, there is a legislation published in the Official Gazette [1] that states in article 26: "Doctoral studies are aimed at training for the realization of an original work that constitutes a significant contribution to the knowledge of a specific area of knowledge." To illustrate, in Venezuela, historically, the doctorate consists of constructing an original contribution relevant to science, for which the generation of knowledge

is mandatory in the doctorate; the rest of the Venezuelan legislation speaks and defines research but without involving it with patents, and, although there are universities that are generally responsible for educating and training researchers, only the doctoral thesis at the graduate level is developed with the aim of generating new knowledge. Additionally, in Venezuela, there is a National Universities Law published in Official Gazette N° 1.429 of September 8, 1970, in article 87 which establishes that they are ordinary members of teaching and research staff, instructors and assistant, aggregates, associates, and full professor, known as the ranking or location of teachers according to the merits and time spent on average of 4 years in each category. To ascend from one level to another in the universities is defined in article N° 89 which says: "The Ordinary members of the teaching and research staff will be located and will rise in the ranks according to their credentials or scientific merits and their years of services. To ascend from one category to another in the ranking, it will be necessary, in addition, to present for the consideration of a jury appointed for that purpose an original work as a credential of merit." The important thing of this article is that the work of promotion to ascend to the different levels of the ladder must be original; but as time went by and after 24 years, a modification to the Law of Universities published in Official Gazette No. 35, 708 of May 11, 1995, called Standards on the Teaching and Research Staff Scale of National Universities, and in article N° 5, it establishes: "The work of promotion required by the Law of Universities must be original, novel and untold published during the time in which the teacher remained in the previous ladder to which one aspires"; this article introduces and raises the requirement that, besides being original, must comply with being novel, which leads to new verifiable knowledge worldwide, and the unpublished is that it has not been published previously; the legislators seek to establish the obligatory nature of the ordinary teachers of the universities, to produce new knowledge on the frontier of science, which in practice is invention and innovation.

After an analysis of the problematic, the most important of the writing is the divergent adductive model of n hypotheses, all with the same probability, where infinite conjectures of a fact or event are defined, and then from a convergent stepby-step process, look for the possible solution, and in the end, a general model that integrates both approaches in a single scheme is presented.
