**7. Model of generation of knowledge**

Starting from the definition of abduction and divergence [10], the model will be presented in five parts to increase understanding; each phase will have a comment and the basis of the construction. The first phase consists of applying abduction infinitely starting from a central axis and according to the abduction capacities; a scenario will be produced in which all the hypotheses are distributed, and it is illustrated in **Figure 1**. In a broad way, it is possible to name this new concept as "Conductive Abductive Model of Infinite Conjectures and Hypotheses" considering itself as a novel contribution that aims to broaden the scope of the traditional abductive method defined by Pierce.

The second step, once infinite hypotheses are defined, is to order all of them according to some preestablished macrovariables, which will depend on the experience and training of each person; however, part of these may be:

**43**

**Figure 1.**

*Infinite application of abduction.*

*Divergent Abduction Model and Its Convergent Interaction in Knowledge Production*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85152*

• Formation, education instruction.

• Sentiment, intuition, religion, creed.

• Link, irreality, fiction, superstition, reality.

• Development, underdevelopment, poverty, wealth.

• Equipment electrical, mechanical, communications.

The hypotheses are grouped according to each variable, which is illustrated in

In the third phase of the model, we seek to establish the different relationships between the hypotheses and their relationship with the variables to which they are associated, which is presented in **Figure 3**, and, in this way, a new group of integrated hypotheses is established and selected according to the different preestablished criteria, which gives a new higher level, in which at least 30% less participate,

The fourth phase of the model is presented, which combines and establishes a process of integration, simplification, and reduction until it reaches at least one, two, or three possible solutions with characteristics; theoretical logics that are novel are presented in **Figure 4**. In this figure, the convergent model is characterized,

from the general to the particular, from the very broad to the simple.

• Family, society, country.

• Science, technology,

• Invention, innovation.

• Heat, threat, insecurity.

**Figure 2**.

• Defense, protection, integrity.

• Politics, government, doctrines.

reducing the total number of hypotheses.

• Experience, techniques, tools, skill, etc.


*Divergent Abduction Model and Its Convergent Interaction in Knowledge Production DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85152*


*New Innovations in Engineering Education and Naval Engineering*

• Will it be an alarm activator?

• Will it be contaminated from drug?

• Is it a transparent touch screen?

• Will it be printed on the floor?

• Is it an optical illusion?

• Is it glass?

• Will it be plastic?

• Is it a proof of ethics?

• Is it a proof of honesty?

• Is it a proof of success?

• Is it a proof of education?

**7. Model of generation of knowledge**

abductive method defined by Pierce.

• Cultural, habits, customs.

• Morals, ethics.

Starting from the definition of abduction and divergence [10], the model will be presented in five parts to increase understanding; each phase will have a comment and the basis of the construction. The first phase consists of applying abduction infinitely starting from a central axis and according to the abduction capacities; a scenario will be produced in which all the hypotheses are distributed, and it is illustrated in **Figure 1**. In a broad way, it is possible to name this new concept as "Conductive Abductive Model of Infinite Conjectures and Hypotheses" considering itself as a novel contribution that aims to broaden the scope of the traditional

The second step, once infinite hypotheses are defined, is to order all of them according to some preestablished macrovariables, which will depend on the experi-

ence and training of each person; however, part of these may be:

• Is it a photo?

• Is it a joke?

• Will you be in a research?

• Will it be a hologram?

• Will it be mine?

• Is it a projection?

**42**


The hypotheses are grouped according to each variable, which is illustrated in **Figure 2**.

In the third phase of the model, we seek to establish the different relationships between the hypotheses and their relationship with the variables to which they are associated, which is presented in **Figure 3**, and, in this way, a new group of integrated hypotheses is established and selected according to the different preestablished criteria, which gives a new higher level, in which at least 30% less participate, reducing the total number of hypotheses.

The fourth phase of the model is presented, which combines and establishes a process of integration, simplification, and reduction until it reaches at least one, two, or three possible solutions with characteristics; theoretical logics that are novel are presented in **Figure 4**. In this figure, the convergent model is characterized, from the general to the particular, from the very broad to the simple.

**Figure 1.** *Infinite application of abduction.*

**Figure 2.** *Association of hypotheses in variables.*

The model has been illustrated in three initial figures, to explain the divergence of n abductions and the convergence of these in a certain pattern or technique; harmonizing the four previous figures integrated into a final model is presented in **Figure 5**, and it is called Integrated Model of Generation of Knowledge, which is characterized by the following:


In the field of engineering, specifically the area of networks, a simile could be proposed, the distribution and water collection system, in the understanding that we start from a drinking water dam; as a starting point, we will make a distribution system in such a way that we start with pipes of high diameter to reach the smallest as a sink and start at a point and takes the water to infinite points, achieving and

**45**

**8. Conclusions**

**Figure 5.**

**Figure 4.**

*General model of knowledge production.*

*Integrated generation of knowledge model.*

*Divergent Abduction Model and Its Convergent Interaction in Knowledge Production*

applying a divergent system; once the water is used, it is transformed into waste or wastewater, which must be channeled and taken to a sewage treatment plant and then incorporated into the dam or river, starting from infinite points and reaching one, which is a convergent system. This comparison is a way of understanding how the model of generation of raised knowledge works, part of a point called fact or event, and of producing infinite hypothesis, and then convergence starts, simplify-

• In this work, we present a novel contribution that aims to redefine the traditional abductive method, called "Conductive Abductive Model of Infinite

• The proposed model is a new approach that integrates the scientific method with the modified abductive method, establishing a new sequential form to search for and obtain alternatives in the generation of new theories by convergences.

ing until arriving at a point as final selection of hypothesis.

Conjectures and Hypotheses."

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85152*

*Divergent Abduction Model and Its Convergent Interaction in Knowledge Production DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85152*

#### **Figure 4.**

*New Innovations in Engineering Education and Naval Engineering*

The model has been illustrated in three initial figures, to explain the divergence of n abductions and the convergence of these in a certain pattern or technique; harmonizing the four previous figures integrated into a final model is presented in **Figure 5**, and it is called Integrated Model of Generation of Knowledge, which is

• Everything begins with a problem and ends with one or several novel solutions

dimensional divergence, and the size, range, spectrum, and novelty will be proportional to the total skills of the individual involved, and the farther they can go in different directions, the closeness to produce new knowledge it will be greater.

• Having as origin, divergent model in two or three dimensions the only way to reach a defined point as a solution to the problem is to apply a convergence, which requires ingenuity and engineering; as an organized and systematic procedure, it will be specific to each actor if based on their experiences, school-

In the field of engineering, specifically the area of networks, a simile could be proposed, the distribution and water collection system, in the understanding that we start from a drinking water dam; as a starting point, we will make a distribution system in such a way that we start with pipes of high diameter to reach the smallest as a sink and start at a point and takes the water to infinite points, achieving and

• From a problem, infinite hypotheses are generated producing a three-

that depend on the cognitive capacity of each actor.

*Relationships and links of the hypothesis with others and the new preset variables.*

**44**

characterized by the following:

**Figure 2.**

**Figure 3.**

*Association of hypotheses in variables.*

ing, logic, and reasoning.

*General model of knowledge production.*

#### **Figure 5.** *Integrated generation of knowledge model.*

applying a divergent system; once the water is used, it is transformed into waste or wastewater, which must be channeled and taken to a sewage treatment plant and then incorporated into the dam or river, starting from infinite points and reaching one, which is a convergent system. This comparison is a way of understanding how the model of generation of raised knowledge works, part of a point called fact or event, and of producing infinite hypothesis, and then convergence starts, simplifying until arriving at a point as final selection of hypothesis.
