2.5.1 Phase space attractor descriptors

For process monitoring purposes, the data captured in a moving window are embedded in a phase space, and descriptors such as correlation dimension [49–51], Lyapunov exponents, and information entropy [49] have been proposed to monitor deterministic or potentially chaotic systems. These approaches have not found widespread adoption in the industry yet, since the reliability of the descriptors may be compromised by high levels of signal noise.
