Meet the editors

Dr. S. Sivasankaran is working as an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University. He has received several Deanship of Scientific Research Grants in Qassim University towards research work in the fields of materials and manufacturing. He completed his PhD degree in Production Engineering (Manufacturing Technology—Nanocomposite Materials) from NIT Trichy, India.

After his doctoral degree, he worked as an associate professor in the KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology (KPRIET), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He has established an advanced materials research laboratory and entrepreneurship development cell in KPRIET. He has received a number of research and seminar grants from government of India. Furthermore, he served as an associate professor in Hawassa University, East Africa, for 2 years where he was involved in curriculum development. He has published more than 75 research articles in refereed international journals, acts as a reviewer for more than 20 refereed international journals (Elsevier, Springer, ASME), and has edited two books. Finally, his research interests are nanocomposites, mechanical alloying;, powder metallurgy, stir casting, advanced welding, 3D printing, metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, mechanical behavior, machining behavior, advanced characterization techniques, optimization, and modeling.

Pramoda Kumar Nayak is currently working as Adjunct Professor (Ramanujan Fellow) at the Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India. He received his doctoral degree in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India. After completion of his PhD, he worked as a post-doctoral researcher and visiting scientist in several institutions around the globe, including the Institute for Plas-

ma Research, India, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, and Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. His research interest is exploring intriguing physics in van der Waals materials and their heterostructures. He has published more than 50 international journals, five book chapters, one book, and three edited volumes so far in his research carrier.

Ezgi Günay graduated from the Engineering Sciences Department at the Middle East Technical University (METU, Ankara, Turkey) in 1985. She completed her Master of Science degree in 1989 at the same department. The title of her thesis was "Development of a Preprocessor and Modification of a Finite Element Procedure for the Analysis of Metal Forming Processes" (December 1989, METU). She received her PhD from the Mechanical

Engineering Department at Gazi University in 1996. The title of the thesis was "A Nonlocking Finite Element Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Thin and Thick Composite Plates." She worked as an assistant professor between 1999 and 2009 and studied academically by giving basic courses as an associate professor between 2010 and 2020 at the same department. During these years, she gave courses on the following subjects: technical drawing, FORTRAN-computer programming languages, applied mathematics for mechanical engineers, differential equations, statics, dynamics, strength of materials, introduction to numerical analysis, introduction to composite materials, introduction to finite element analysis, finite element method, plate and shell theories, and elasticity. She has authored about 40 papers published both in national and international proceedings and journals. She has written two books and has had three chapters published in international books.

Contents

**Section 1**

Issues in Solid-State Physics *by Roberto Raúl Deza*

*by Victor A. Lykah and Eugen S. Syrkin*

*Khaalid Mahmood, S. Ikram, Sajad Hussain*

*and H. Naeem Ur Rehman*

*by Chih-Yuan Chen*

Abnormal Glow Discharges *by Abdelaziz Bouchikhi*

**Section 2**

Thermoelectric Properties of Oxide Semiconductors

of Atomic Structure *by Richard Oldani*

**Preface III**

Solid State Behavior **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 19**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 49**

Metastable Materials **59**

**Chapter 5 61**

**Chapter 6 75**

Lagrangian Quantum Mechanics: A Fully Relativistic Theory

Twin Boundary in hcp Crystals: Quantum and Thermal Behavior

*by M. Ajaz Un Nabi, Adnan Ali, M. Imran Arshad, Sofia Akber, A. Manzoor, M. Sharif, Kashif Javaid, Nasir Amin, Nadeem Sabir,*

Insight into Bulk Metallic Glass Technology Development Trajectory: Mapping from Patent Information Analysis

Calculation of the Metastable Atom Densities in Argon and Neon
