**4. Critical infrastructure and healthcare**

As mentioned above, the objective of each state is to protect its citizens and the basic infrastructures of the country where systems called critical infrastructure can be considered. Disruption of a critical infrastructure system would have a significant impact on state security, the security of the basic living needs of the population, the health of people, or the state's economy. The Czech Republic defines industry criteria for identifying industries, sub-sectors, and critical infrastructure elements. Healthcare is also one of the critical sectors of critical infrastructure.

With the increasing insertion of new information and communication technologies into all areas of life, resource consumption, and the maintenance of living standards, new threats arise not only for individuals but also for the economy, the

**81**

**Table 2.**

*Hospital Energy Resilience*

• energy,

• water,

• health,

• transport,

• food and agriculture,

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86137*

state, and society. Threats can arise from not only organized groups and terrorist and criminal organizations, but also manifestations of hostilities of countries, natural disasters, or competing struggles for necessary raw materials. Specific area of society's life more dependent on, critically reliant on another area, the more severely the infrastructure sector is causing the functionality or limitation of the feature of a particular sector [29]. Government Regulation No. 432/2010 Coll. criteria for identifying critical infrastructure elements were introduced in the Czech Republic. This government regulation divides the criteria into cross-cutting and

It is clear from the list of sectoral criteria that the health sector is also essential for maintaining the state's security and maintaining the state's functionality. It should be noted that this is a hospital with a total number of acute beds of at least 2500. However, no condition is fulfilled by any hospital in the Czech Republic. Because of the need to cope with the crisis in hospitals, it is essential that hospital emergency care must be implemented. In this case, it should be noted that the critical infrastructure referred to is directed to healthcare. In healthcare, as in other areas, eight critical areas are defined (see **Table 2**). In healthcare, they have their specific features and commodities. All of them are essential for healthcare,

3. IT—medical documentation, internal contact, and contact with superiors and other external

7. Special substances—medicines, artificial nutrition, and special and basic medical supplies

sectoral. Sectoral criteria are defined by the following sectors:

• communication and information systems,

and their activities are under crisis management [31].

5. Transport of persons and materials—medical and supportive 6. Insurance and finance—sharing personnel, health service, and costs

• financial market and currency,

• emergency services, and

1. Electricity, gas, and fuel

4. Management

*Critical area of the hospital [31].*

organizational units

2. Supply—drugs, lingerie, food, and water

• public administration [30].

*Hospital Energy Resilience DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86137*

state, and society. Threats can arise from not only organized groups and terrorist and criminal organizations, but also manifestations of hostilities of countries, natural disasters, or competing struggles for necessary raw materials. Specific area of society's life more dependent on, critically reliant on another area, the more severely the infrastructure sector is causing the functionality or limitation of the feature of a particular sector [29]. Government Regulation No. 432/2010 Coll. criteria for identifying critical infrastructure elements were introduced in the Czech Republic. This government regulation divides the criteria into cross-cutting and sectoral. Sectoral criteria are defined by the following sectors:

• energy,

*Infrastructure Management and Construction*

management in the hospitals.

The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms states that everyone has the right to health protection. Citizens have the right to free healthcare and medical aid by

The Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic states that its role in crisis management is to ensure framework conditions for the provision of health care at the

Crisis preparedness in the health sector is defined as the ability of health care providers, and health care facilities to provide essential health care to the population locally relevant to administrative unit for emergency and crisis in the continuity of medical policy for the provision of health care by qualified personnel [25]. In the introduction of the chapter, the impact of crises on state security and threats to its infrastructures was mentioned. This subchapter describes crisis

Healthcare facilities are spaces for the provision of health services [26]. However, this concept includes not only hospitals but also therapeutic institutions,

For this research, a healthcare facility—a hospital was selected. A hospital is a medical facility licensed to provide health care, has many beds, an organized medical team of the requisite qualification, and offers continuous nursing services. Hospitals are divided by the number of beds to small (up to 700 beds) and large. They can also be classified by type of ownership into hospitals owned and administered by the state, public hospitals administered by regions, towns and municipalities, private hospitals or nonprofit hospitals, and hospitals based on a business principle [27].

The term healthcare is also defined, which can be considered a multidisciplinary field. Healthcare is modern medicine that represents a complex process that accumulates human knowledge from a wide range of disciplines, not just science, but also technical and social sciences. The collected data and acquired knowledge are thus used both for theoretical and scientific purposes, that is, for the development of the discipline as an academic discipline, as well as for the practical decisions of both political and managerial disciplines [28]. From the above definitions of health care, it is evident that there are also other disciplines, one of which is also computer science. It interferes with healthcare not only in the form of electronic patient cards but primarily as a national health register. Nowadays, information support for crisis management is also being used. The objective of information support is to simplify, streamline, and accelerate crisis management with the help of information systems. As has been mentioned, healthcare is a multidisciplinary field, which also involves other interests. This work attempts to connect three branches, namely

As mentioned above, the objective of each state is to protect its citizens and the basic infrastructures of the country where systems called critical infrastructure can be considered. Disruption of a critical infrastructure system would have a significant impact on state security, the security of the basic living needs of the population, the health of people, or the state's economy. The Czech Republic defines industry criteria for identifying industries, sub-sectors, and critical infrastructure elements. Healthcare is also one of the critical sectors of critical infrastructure.

With the increasing insertion of new information and communication technolo-

gies into all areas of life, resource consumption, and the maintenance of living standards, new threats arise not only for individuals but also for the economy, the

public (health) insurance under the conditions laid down by law [24].

crisis by creating and enforcing state health policy [25].

spa health facilities, general practitioners, and others.

health, informatics, and crisis management.

**4. Critical infrastructure and healthcare**

**80**


It is clear from the list of sectoral criteria that the health sector is also essential for maintaining the state's security and maintaining the state's functionality. It should be noted that this is a hospital with a total number of acute beds of at least 2500. However, no condition is fulfilled by any hospital in the Czech Republic.

Because of the need to cope with the crisis in hospitals, it is essential that hospital emergency care must be implemented. In this case, it should be noted that the critical infrastructure referred to is directed to healthcare. In healthcare, as in other areas, eight critical areas are defined (see **Table 2**). In healthcare, they have their specific features and commodities. All of them are essential for healthcare, and their activities are under crisis management [31].


#### **Table 2.** *Critical area of the hospital [31].*
