**5. Supply of healthcare facilities at the time of power outage**

Czech Standard ČSN 33 2140 entered into force on electrical wiring in rooms for medical purposes in 1987. This ČSN was valid until 2015. Subsequently, ČSN 33 2000-7-710 was introduced for low-voltage electrical installations; part 7-710 deals with special-purpose devices in particular premises—medical areas. It should be noted that this current ČSN is valid for newly built medical facilities.

For medical premises, a power source must be installed which, in the event of a faulty mains supply, for a specified period and at a predetermined switch-over time, provides power to devices divided by a power source with different switching times.

Power supplies with a switching time of up to 0.5 s including—in the event of a voltage failure on one or more phase wires in a switchboard, a power supply must be used to provide power to illumination of operating tables and another necessary lighting, such as endoscopes, at least after 3 h, and the resumption of voltage must be within 0.5 s [32].

Power supplies with a switching time of up to 15 s—safety lighting and other devices (see below) must be connected within 15 s to a power source capable of supplying power for at least 24 h when the voltage on one or more mains power supply mains security purposes will be reduced to less than 90% of the nominal value for more than 3 s [32].

Power supplies with a switching time of more than 15 s—power supplies for other electrical equipment of medical equipment that do not meet the requirements listed above and are required for health services may be connected to the power supply automatically or manually. This power supply must be capable of delivering power for at least 24 h. These electrical devices can be sterilizing devices; building equipment such as heating or air conditioning, ventilation, building, and waste disposal facilities; cooling device; kitchen furnishings; and battery chargers [32].

Lightning escape routes are considered as safety lighting; illumination of exit signs; all wiring (including switchboards with main switchboards) of rooms with safety and additional safety sources; rooms where essential services are provided; group 1 healthcare facilities; and group 2 medical facilities [32].

Among other devices, we can include selected fire lifts; ventilation systems for smoke extraction; people search systems; medical electrical appliances used in group 2 medical areas which are intended for surgical or other applications of vital importance; electrical devices for the delivery of medical gases, including compressed air, vacuum supply, and anesthetic gas discharge system, as well as their monitoring devices; and fire detection, fire alarm, and fire extinguishing systems.

This standard provides a classification of safety circuits for healthcare facilities (see **Table 3**).


**83**

**Table 4.**

*Hospital Energy Resilience*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86137*

**Medical area Group Class**

Massage room X X X Bed room X X The birth hall X X X ECG, EEG, and EHG room X X Endoscopy X X X Investigation room or nursing room X X X Urology X X X Radiological room X X Hydrotherapy X X Physiotherapy X X Anesthesia X X X Operating room X X X Operational preparation room X X X Operational gypsum room X X X Postoperative room X X X Catheterization room X X X Intensive care room X X X Angiography X X X Hemodialysis X X Magnetic resonance X X X X Nuclear medicine X X Room for premature babies X X X Intermediate care unit X X X

**0 1 2 ≤0.5 s >0.5 s ≤ 15 s**

regarding safety circuits (see **Table 4**).

*Medical room and their classification [32].*

ing on assistance and care in the healthcare facilities [34].

regarding electricity supply.

The classification of importance may vary for each site. In this case, the highest safety requirement obligation is taken. It is possible to refer to the following table (Annex B of the ČSN), which contains the classification of healthcare facilities

**Table 4** shows the classification of healthcare facilities by group. The author considers the operating rooms, the postoperative room, intensive care units, the delivery room, and the premise for premature babies to be the essential premises

Hospitals are among healthcare facilities whose rapid and efficient services play an essential role in reducing disaster mortality rates [33]. A critical part of crisis management is the search for and mitigation of the risks to the population, depend-

Therefore, hospitals should be designed and built to be able to deal effectively with all kinds of crises [35]. One of the problems of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the disaster preparedness of the hospitals [36]. There is still no standard and valid tool for assessing disaster preparedness in the hospitals [37]. Disaster managers need accurate and useful tools to assess disaster preparedness for

**Table 3.**

*Classification for the interruption [32].*


## *Hospital Energy Resilience DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86137*

*Infrastructure Management and Construction*

be within 0.5 s [32].

more than 3 s [32].

guishing systems.

(see **Table 3**).

**5. Supply of healthcare facilities at the time of power outage**

noted that this current ČSN is valid for newly built medical facilities.

Czech Standard ČSN 33 2140 entered into force on electrical wiring in rooms for medical purposes in 1987. This ČSN was valid until 2015. Subsequently, ČSN 33 2000-7-710 was introduced for low-voltage electrical installations; part 7-710 deals with special-purpose devices in particular premises—medical areas. It should be

For medical premises, a power source must be installed which, in the event of a faulty mains supply, for a specified period and at a predetermined switch-over time, provides power to devices divided by a power source with different switching times. Power supplies with a switching time of up to 0.5 s including—in the event of a voltage failure on one or more phase wires in a switchboard, a power supply must be used to provide power to illumination of operating tables and another necessary lighting, such as endoscopes, at least after 3 h, and the resumption of voltage must

Power supplies with a switching time of up to 15 s—safety lighting and other devices (see below) must be connected within 15 s to a power source capable of supplying power for at least 24 h when the voltage on one or more mains power supply mains security purposes will be reduced to less than 90% of the nominal value for

Power supplies with a switching time of more than 15 s—power supplies for other electrical equipment of medical equipment that do not meet the requirements listed above and are required for health services may be connected to the power supply automatically or manually. This power supply must be capable of delivering power for at least 24 h. These electrical devices can be sterilizing devices; building equipment such as heating or air conditioning, ventilation, building, and waste disposal facilities; cooling device; kitchen furnishings; and battery chargers [32]. Lightning escape routes are considered as safety lighting; illumination of exit signs; all wiring (including switchboards with main switchboards) of rooms with safety and additional safety sources; rooms where essential services are provided;

Among other devices, we can include selected fire lifts; ventilation systems for smoke extraction; people search systems; medical electrical appliances used in group 2 medical areas which are intended for surgical or other applications of vital importance; electrical devices for the delivery of medical gases, including compressed air, vacuum supply, and anesthetic gas discharge system, as well as their monitoring devices; and fire detection, fire alarm, and fire extin-

This standard provides a classification of safety circuits for healthcare facilities

Class 0—without interruption Power is provided automatically without interruption

Class >15—long interruption Power is automatically provided for more than 15 s

Class 0.15—very short interruption Power supply automatically up to 0.15 s Class 0.5—short interruption Power supply automatically up to 0.5 s Class 5—normal interruption Power supply automatically up to 5 s Class 15—middle interruption Power supply automatically up to 15 s

group 1 healthcare facilities; and group 2 medical facilities [32].

**Class Interruption**

**82**

**Table 3.**

*Classification for the interruption [32].*

#### **Table 4.**

*Medical room and their classification [32].*

The classification of importance may vary for each site. In this case, the highest safety requirement obligation is taken. It is possible to refer to the following table (Annex B of the ČSN), which contains the classification of healthcare facilities regarding safety circuits (see **Table 4**).

**Table 4** shows the classification of healthcare facilities by group. The author considers the operating rooms, the postoperative room, intensive care units, the delivery room, and the premise for premature babies to be the essential premises regarding electricity supply.

Hospitals are among healthcare facilities whose rapid and efficient services play an essential role in reducing disaster mortality rates [33]. A critical part of crisis management is the search for and mitigation of the risks to the population, depending on assistance and care in the healthcare facilities [34].

Therefore, hospitals should be designed and built to be able to deal effectively with all kinds of crises [35]. One of the problems of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the disaster preparedness of the hospitals [36]. There is still no standard and valid tool for assessing disaster preparedness in the hospitals [37]. Disaster managers need accurate and useful tools to assess disaster preparedness for

hospitals. However, there is no standardized and comprehensive instrument for this purpose [38]. Based on the authors' quotations and the analysis carried out, it can be stated that there is still no evaluation system to determine the hospital's preparedness for the crisis.
