**List of acronyms**


*Modeling Resilience in Electrical Distribution Networks DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85917*

*Infrastructure Management and Construction*

In this case, the model would be able to help the detection of the most impacting causes and to validate the possible improvements which could be introduced by acting on specific issues (i.e., by increasing the quantity of telecontrolled SS along the lines and/or by increasing the number of technical crews available and/or by improving the telecontrol strategy). This information would be particularly useful for electrical operators for the planning of new activities for enhancing resilience. Secondly, the *heuristic* scheme, where SS are damaged according to their effective rate of fault (as measured and reported by the electrical operator), provides a resilience score which is slightly lower than the one resulting from the (*N* − 1) unbiased scheme. As previously discussed, this could be the result of the correct management of the operators which has "segregated" more vulnerable assets along the lines whose disruptions cause less relevant impacts on services. The RecSIM tool, in this respect, could be useful for assessing which should be the correct way for further improving this score by selecting the substations (among those which have produced the crisis scenarios accounted for in the simulations) whose robustness improvement could further reduce the impact and thus increase the resilience score. Moreover, the tool can be used within more general framework as, for example, the emergency management support tool CIPCast-ES [16] which allows to explore a realistic earthquake event occurring in an urban area by predicting disruptions on buildings and critical infrastructure and by designing a reliable scenario, accounting for road obstruction

due to building collapse, to be used to design an efficient contingency plan. In conclusion, the RecSIM model, being able to gather into a unique scheme several EDN features, can provide a reliable tool for the analysis of large and complex infrastructures. This is going to be exploited in Italy through the establishment of a competence center for risk analysis and forecast of critical infrastructure called EISAC. it (*European Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Centre Italian node* [31]) which will deliver competences and services to support operators and public authorities committed to the protection and the emergency management of critical infrastructure.

This work has been triggered by the project CIPRNet (funded by EU under the FP7 program through GA no. 312450) and the Italian (MIUR) funded project RoMA (SCN\_00064): all project partners are acknowledged for their support in the RecSIM elaboration. Areti SpA, the electrical distribution company of the city of Rome, is also acknowledged for the available network's data, in particular ING. Silvio Alessandroni is acknowledged for his constant support and for being the

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**Acknowledgements**

**List of acronyms**

source of illuminating suggestions and comments.

EDN electrical distribution network

SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition tlc telecommunication network components

CI critical infrastructures TSO transmission system operator DSS decision support system PS primary substations MV medium-voltage line(s) SS secondary substations

BTS base transceiver station

