**3. How can infrastructure skills productivity be improved?**

Previous researchers [12, 14, 39] on improving infrastructure productivity observed that infrastructure productivity can be improved through any of the following:

	- Effective supervision and monitoring

In effective supervision and leadership area of improving construction productivity, professionals in the construction industry should adhere to the following:


Material management and supply chain managers should ensure the following:


**67**

**4. Conclusion**

*Measuring Infrastructure Skills Productivity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85953*

○ Plan projects in detail before starting.

productivity in the following ways:

language.

• Training/learning and certification of workforce

directly responsible for people on the tools.

○ Investing in apprentice training is necessary.

• Labour management and relations can be improved through:

mance and training effectiveness.

better, they perform better.

○ Provide training and mentoring for frontline supervision.

○ Provide training for project management field/plant personnel.

• Project front-end planning (loading) and work face planning

○ Front-end planning is the method of developing enough strategic information which the project team can address the scope of the project and requirements that allow successful execution of the project, defining long-term plan, objectives and scope rather than jumping into design and quick construction.

○ If long-term goals and planning are more concretely defined, rework can be

○ Training programs for both foreign and local labour help companies improve

○ Encourage more organisational training for lower-level supervisors who are

○ Ensure proper training on the job to infrastructure worker to enhance experience.

○ Infrastructure trades promotion versus office/clerical alternative education.

○ If resource from other countries is used, then foreman must speak the same

○ Provision of proper programs for mentorship will improve both work perfor-

○ Better relationship with workers because when management treat workers

○ Provide attractive incentives, education and skilled labourer retention.

○ Foster a productivity culture productivity with an aim to get above 65%.

This chapter featured the systems utilised in measuring productivity in the construction industry. There are three noteworthy techniques that are possible for measuring construction skills productivity. The first identifies visual recording strategy that includes the use of consistent record of the labourer execution output on sites. The second is the physical recording procedure which includes

limited. Define scope of project and reduce conflicting scopes.


*Infrastructure Management and Construction*

technique of finding input times activities.

1.Effective supervision and monitoring

5.Labour management and relations

• Effective supervision and monitoring

○ Oversight with experience and authority

○ Accountability of scope, time and cost

○ Availability of all materials for construction

construction supervisors and contractors.

○ Build relationships with suppliers.

○ More formal process to enforce company failures

• Material management and supply chain management

○ Ensure that all materials are available in a timely manner.

○ "Look ahead" material management and logistic plans.

○ Implement material management and controls in advance.

following:

management. Furthermore, the foreman delay surveys do not consider the availability of data on the efficiency of work approaches in a job and the capability of the labour force or the level of productivity attained; also, it offers a reasonably priced

Previous researchers [12, 14, 39] on improving infrastructure productivity observed that infrastructure productivity can be improved through any of the

In effective supervision and leadership area of improving construction productivity, professionals in the construction industry should adhere to the following:

Material management and supply chain managers should ensure the following:

○ Provide more resources, for example, material availability, land surveyors,

○ Provide the right materials at the right time and ensure accountability.

○ Ratio of labour to supervision of 1–8 to 1–20. Should not exceed 20

**3. How can infrastructure skills productivity be improved?**

2.Material management and supply chain management

4.Training/learning and certification of workforce

3.Project front-end planning (loading) and work face planning

**66**

	- Front-end planning is the method of developing enough strategic information which the project team can address the scope of the project and requirements that allow successful execution of the project, defining long-term plan, objectives and scope rather than jumping into design and quick construction.
	- If long-term goals and planning are more concretely defined, rework can be limited. Define scope of project and reduce conflicting scopes.
	- Plan projects in detail before starting.
	- Training programs for both foreign and local labour help companies improve productivity in the following ways:
	- Encourage more organisational training for lower-level supervisors who are directly responsible for people on the tools.
	- Provide training and mentoring for frontline supervision.
	- Provide training for project management field/plant personnel.
	- Ensure proper training on the job to infrastructure worker to enhance experience.
	- Infrastructure trades promotion versus office/clerical alternative education.
	- If resource from other countries is used, then foreman must speak the same language.
	- Investing in apprentice training is necessary.
	- Provision of proper programs for mentorship will improve both work performance and training effectiveness.
	- Better relationship with workers because when management treat workers better, they perform better.
	- Provide attractive incentives, education and skilled labourer retention.
	- Foster a productivity culture productivity with an aim to get above 65%.
