**7. Results**

This part of the chapter is focused on assessing the crisis preparedness of the hospitals in the area of emergency energy supply.

The assessment method was proposed—heuristic analysis of the preparedness. This analysis was used for assessing 13 hospitals in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is divided into 14 regions. Each region has a different number of hospitals. As a rule, each region has one faculty hospital. However, there are exceptions; for example, the Zlín Region does not have a faculty hospital. There is only a regional hospital. There are also district hospitals, private hospitals, and specialized hospitals. The evaluated hospitals were from five regions in the Czech Republic. Based on the mentioned introduction of this paper, the focus is on emergency energy supply. The following figure shows the results of the 13 hospitals (see **Figure 3**).

**Figure 3** shows the emergency energy supply of the hospitals in the Czech Republic. There is a differentiation of the emergency energy supply of the hospitals. As can be seen, the best-evaluated hospital from the point of view is South Moravian Hospital 1. On the other hand, the worst evaluated hospital is in Central Bohemian Region 1. The type of hospital could cause this differentiation.

#### **Figure 3.**

*Infrastructure Management and Construction*

nesses and strengths of the assessed hospitals.

energy supply, and other emergency supply.

*HP* = \_\_\_\_\_\_

hospitals in the area of emergency energy supply.

is the number of assessed heuristics.

preparedness for the crisis.

**6. Methodology**

gas station, etc.

**7. Results**

hospitals. However, there is no standardized and comprehensive instrument for this purpose [38]. Based on the authors' quotations and the analysis carried out, it can be stated that there is still no evaluation system to determine the hospital's

In this chapter, four scientific methods were used. Firstly, it was the analysis, which we used for the analysis of the hospitals. Secondly, the method comparison was used, which compares the results from the analysis. Thirdly, the induction method was used, where this method serves to examine the fact of creating a hypothesis from the points obtained. Finally, the heuristic analysis of the preparedness was used. The heuristic analysis of the preparedness was developed for the evaluation of the hospitals. Based on this assessment, we will get an accurate idea of the weak-

This analysis was divided into four categories. The hospitals were assessed from the point of view—emergency water supply, emergency food supply, emergency

Emergency power supply—this category evaluates the preparedness of the hospitals for emergency energy supplies—the ownership of energy supply replacement units. However, these aggregates are fuel-dependent, and it is, therefore, necessary to assess fuel supply to the hospital. It deals with the area of contractual fuelling, its

Based on the above analysis, an assessment was performed using Eq. (1):

(*R* + *H*)

where HP is hospital preparedness, R is sum of results (obtained points), and H

The evaluation methodology consisted in assigning a response to each question answered in the form of valuation from a predefined set of values (−1 = does not agree, 1 = agree; 0 = partly agree, and blank field if the problem is not relevant).

This part of the chapter is focused on assessing the crisis preparedness of the

The assessment method was proposed—heuristic analysis of the preparedness. This analysis was used for assessing 13 hospitals in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is divided into 14 regions. Each region has a different number of hospitals. As a rule, each region has one faculty hospital. However, there are exceptions; for example, the Zlín Region does not have a faculty hospital. There is only a regional hospital. There are also district hospitals, private hospitals, and specialized hospitals. The evaluated hospitals were from five regions in the Czech Republic. Based on the mentioned introduction of this paper, the focus is on emergency energy supply.

The following figure shows the results of the 13 hospitals (see **Figure 3**).

Bohemian Region 1. The type of hospital could cause this differentiation.

**Figure 3** shows the emergency energy supply of the hospitals in the Czech Republic. There is a differentiation of the emergency energy supply of the hospitals. As can be seen, the best-evaluated hospital from the point of view is South Moravian Hospital 1. On the other hand, the worst evaluated hospital is in Central

<sup>2</sup> <sup>×</sup> *<sup>H</sup>* <sup>×</sup> 100% (1)

**84**

*Emergency energy supply of the hospitals [author].*

It was in the readiness of the hospitals to make sure that we saw the supply of electricity and that we saw significant differences. And this fact enabled us to define the primary aim of our research and this chapter.

Each hospital has to deal with the external issue of emergency fuel stocks to address individually. There is currently no valid legislation to ensure this. Some hospitals address this situation through a contractual agreement with fuel suppliers (ČEPRO or other contractors); other hospitals own a gas station where they have sufficient supplies even for a more extended period of the power supply. On the contrary, there are also hospitals that do not solve this problem at all and do not have a contractual agreement with any supplier of fuel. If necessary, they use their ambulances to deliver fuels in barrels from gas stations. Here, however, it is essential to take into account the fact that there may be a power failure in the whole region and there will be no possibility to use all the gas stations.

## **8. Discussion**

In general, healthcare and the provision of health care in hospitals play an essential role for each country. The whole world is threatened by a series of events that may be of naturogenic or anthropogenic character. These events may result in a power outage. The power outage just mentioned has a significant impact on the hospitals. It is therefore crucial that hospitals maintain normal operations even during the crisis.

This chapter deals with hospital energy resilience. The relationship between critical infrastructure-health and power outage is mentioned. This point is discussed regarding nomenclature as well as its history and impact on hospitals. In the past, significant power outage impacts on hospitals could be observed.

Subsequently, a heuristic analysis of the hospital preparedness was carried out. This analysis was used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses and the subsequent comparison of the evaluated hospitals. A total of 13 hospitals were assessed in the Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, we have concluded this issue. This analysis evaluated the different preparedness of hospitals in the field of emergency energy supply. Each hospital is building a different path to this issue. Therefore, it cannot be said that hospitals will be fully operational in the event of a crisis.

Hospitals belong to the healthcare facilities whose rapid and efficient services can play an essential role in reducing disaster mortality rates [33]. One of the problems of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the disaster preparedness of hospitals [36]. There is still no standard and valid tool for assessing disaster preparedness in hospitals [37]. Disaster managers need accurate and useful tools to assess disaster preparedness for hospitals. However, there is no standardized and comprehensive instrument for this purpose [38]. Crisis management deals with Act No. 240 of 2000 Coll., which does not directly address the disaster preparedness of the hospitals. The exact number of hours that fuel supplies for the aggregate supply must have is not specified. There is only ČSN 33 2000-7-710 that was introduced for low voltage electrical installations; part 7–710 deals with individual purpose devices in particular premises—medical areas. This norm says only until when the electricity must be restored.

Based on the authors' references and the analysis carried out, it can be stated that there is still no evaluation system to determine the hospital's preparedness for the crisis. For these purposes, we propose to introduce a hospital evaluation system.

In the last few decades, science has called the algorithm many practical tools to help solve various computer problems. The algorithm is a set of rules that are typical of specific computer calculations or activities [39].

It is assumed that the use of this system will not only be within the hospital but also by the regional office. We will create a Web portal that will illustrate the hospitals in the region. Each hospital will fill in the data that are required to calculate the length of hospital maintenance (or only selected rooms/circuits) and will be stored in this portal. When the power outage occurs, the expected failure interval will be entered. That will make it clear which hospitals are capable of managing the crisis without having to deliver fuel. Otherwise, the request will be sent to external suppliers or the regional authority (depending on the length of the power supply outage) for the fuel supply. All communication would then take the form of data sentences that would be documented. These data sentences would not only serve to send a request but subsequently to acknowledge the receipt of the application, to submit information about the resources assigned and quantity.
