Meet the editor

Basim A. Almayahi, PhD, is a full professor in the Department of Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa. His main areas of interest are applied nuclear physics, radon, alpha, and gamma spectrometry, environmental radioactivity and protection, radionuclides, biomarkers, renewable energy, and synthesis and applications of nanoparticles on bacterial pathogens. For many years he has been working on the development of radon,

alpha, and gamma detection dosimeters. He took up the role of Head of the Department of Environment and Director of Scientific Affairs and Cultural Relations. He was the mentor of two masters theses. He is the editor and author of two books and a reviewer in 100 journals. He is editorial board member of 17 boards, international Scientific Program Committee of 44 members, and has membership of different institutions. He has published 75 scientific papers in domestic and international journals and participated in a large number of scientific congresses and conferences.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Lubna A. Al-Asadi*

*by Hasna Albandar*

Arctic Regions *by Bertil R.R. Persson*

Subterranean Detectors

*by Hassane Erramli and Jaouad El Asri*

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

Basic Modes of Radioactive Decay

*by Hai Lin, ChengPu Liu and Chen Wang*

**Preface III**

Natural Radioactivity **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 37**

**Chapter 4 49**

Radiation Detection and Measurement **65**

**Chapter 5 67**

**Chapter 6 85**

Gamma Rays Applications **107**

**Chapter 7 109**

Gamma Background Radiations and Measurements with Applications

Gamma-Ray Emitting Radionuclides in People Living in Northern Sub

High Purity Germanium: From Gamma-Ray Detection to Dark Matter

*by Monia Kazemeini, John Vargas, Alexander Barzilov and Woosoon Yim*

Gamma Rays: Applications in Environmental Gamma Dosimetry and Determination Samples Gamma-Activities Induced by Neutrons

*by Nicolas Fourches, Magdalena Zielińska and Gabriel Charles*

Gamma Ray Measurements Using Unmanned Aerial Systems

Electron Oscillation-Based Mono-Color Gamma-Ray Source
