2.1 Open channel flume

A 9-m long open channel flume at the University of Windsor with a rectangular cross-section dimension of 1100 mm 920 mm is used to perform the experiment. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the experimental setup with open channel flume. A squire cross-section dimension of 1.2 m and depth of 3 m header tank is placed at the beginning of the flume. The depth of flow for this series of experiments are kept to 100 mm, eventually achieving the aspect ratio (width/depth ratio of flow, b/d) of 11. Choice of this aspect ratio is based on the expectation that the generation of the secondary current will be minimum and the flow can be a representation of twodimensional flow [7]. Two centrifugal pumps of 15 horsepower capacity each are used to recirculate the water. Tempered transparent glass materials are used to build the sidewalls and bottom of the flume and will enable the LDA (laser Doppler anemometer) to measure the instantaneous velocity. There were many previous studies [20–21] confirmed the quality of the flow of this permanent facility. The flume has an adjustable slope mechanism at the bottom but was kept horizontal for this series of test. 720 and 450 GPM are the two constant flow rate used for the tests.
