**6. Anatomical models for surgical preparations**

In order to have successful medical procedures, knowledge about patients' specific anatomy before medical surgery is essential due to variations in individual and complex human anatomy. 3D printed models have helped extensively in this respect, making them a vital tool for surgical methods [1, 55].

One of the most complicated structures of human body is the head, whose 3D printed neuro-anatomical models are of great help to neurosurgeons. Sometimes, it is very difficult to gain detailed information about the connections between skull architecture, cerebral structure, cranial nerves, and vessels from radiographic 2D

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*3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Sector: An Overview DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90738*

craft a donor liver with least tissue loss [1].

reconstructed using 3D printing technology [55].

was used by surgeons [55].

**7. Conclusion**

ceutical sciences.

**Author details**

Asad Ali, Usama Ahmad\* and Juber Akhtar

provided the original work is properly cited.

Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India

\*Address all correspondence to: usamaahmad.10@outlook.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

images only and even a slight error in the medical procedure can be fatal. Here comes the role of 3D models, which are more realistic and provide in detail comparison and contrast between a normal brain structure and a brain with deformity

• For liver transplant, Japan's Kobe University Hospital had used 3D printed models by using replica of patients' own organ, to find out how to precisely

• 3D printed model of calcified aorta for surgical planning of plaque removal

• To study aerosol drug delivery to lungs, airways of premature infants was

3D printing technology is a valuable and potential tool for the pharmaceutical sector, leading to personalized medicine focused on the patients' needs. It offers numerous advantages, such as increasing the cost efficiency and the manufacturing speed. 3D printing has revolutionized the way in which manufacturing is done. It improves the design manufacturing and reduces lead time and tooling cost for new products. This chapter has summarized different fabrication methods and some notable applications of 3D printing in the healthcare sector, especially in pharma-

or lesions, which suggest the surgeons more safe procedures to follow.
