**3. References**

108 Venous Thrombosis – Principles and Practice

Fig. 11B. Photograph showing complete healing of ulcers; patient now pain free. Duplex examination Figure 10C showed high velocity flow in the patient,

distal to the occluded external iliac vein. An arteriogram showed a large pelvic AVM with outflow to the deep pelvic veins and to the distal veins in the left lower extremity. Occlusion of the AVM was performed with injectable ethyl vinyl alcohol polymer dissolved in DMSO (Onyx, EV3 Neurovascular, Irvine, CA) (Link 2011). The pain in the ulcerated areas improved but persisted despite compression dressings being applied weekly. Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLT) of the veins deep to the ulcers and foam sclerotherapy (0.5% Sodium tetradecyl *Sotradecol*, angiodynamics, Queensbury, NY was then performed on this patient). Following the procedures the ulcers healed and the patient was pain free. Interventions for this condition have included an outflow procedure to reduce the venous

s femoral vein


**Part 3** 

**Cerebral Venous Thrombosis** 

**and Venous Thrombosis of the Eye** 

