**2. Review of literature**

The earliest case report of DVT associated with osteomyelitis was by Horvath et al. in 1971.14 Including that original case, 58 cases of pediatric DVT associated with musculoskeletal infection have surfaced in the medical literature (see table 1).1-19 A decade by decade review of the case occurrence reveals an exponential increase in the number of cases reported since 2000, during which time 51 new cases have been identified. This is compared to one case from the 1970s and 3 cases from each decade of the 1980s and 1990s. The largest series, to the present, was reported at a single institution, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, compiled from two separate reports with overlapping study periods and included 15 unique cases of children with DVT.5,9 Of the four studies that report the incidence of DVT within a series of children with musculoskeletal infection, the total number of children with DVT is 32 among a total of 430 children reviewed giving an estimated incidence of DVT associated with musculoskeletal infection of 7.4%.3,6,8,9
