**Part 4**

**Venous Thrombosis in Special Patient Populations** 

178 Venous Thrombosis – Principles and Practice

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**10** 

*Turkey* 

**Approaching Venous Thrombosis** 

Gulcin Hepgul1, Fatih Yanar2 and Meltem Küçükylmaz1 *1Bagcilar, Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic* 

*2Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, General Surgery Clinic* 

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) manifesting as deep vein thrombosis(DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), is one of the most common complications of hospitalization and is associated with short and long-term morbidity, mortality and resource expenditure. Routine use of thromboprophylaxis reduces adverse patient outcomes while at the same time decreasing overall costs. Almost all hospitalized patients have at least one associated risk factor for VTE, and approximately 40% have three or more risk factors

Cancer therapy (hormonal, chemotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, radiotherapy)

**Estrogen -containing oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy** 

**1. Introduction** 

**(Table 1)**(1).

Surgery

Previous VTE **Increasing age** 

**Trauma (major trauma or lower-extremity injury)** 

**Venous compression (tumor, hematoma, arterial abnormality)** 

Immobility, lower-extremity paresis

Pregnancy and the postpartum period

Selective estrogen receptor modulators **Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents** 

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

**Cancer (active or occult)** 

Acute medical illness

Nephrotic syndrome

**Obesity** 

**Inflammatory bowel disease** 

**Myeloproliferative disorder** 

Central venous catheterization **Inherited or acquired thrombophilia** 

Table 1. Risk Factors for VTE

**in General Surgery Patients** 
