**1. Introduction**

68 Venous Thrombosis – Principles and Practice

Buller HR, Agnelli G, Hull RD, et al: Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic

Ruiz-Irastorza G, Hunt BJ, Khamashta MA. A systematic review of secondary

therapy. Chest 2004; 126(Suppl):401S.

2007;57:1487-1495.

disease. The seventh ACCP conference on antithrombotic and thrombolytic

thromboprophylaxis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Arthritis Rheum

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is rarely identified in children. However, there has been an increase in the reported association of DVT with pediatric musculoskeletal infection.1-13 The relationship appears to be tied to the rise of community-acquired, Methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (CA-MRSA).5-13 Children who are affected by musculoskeletal infection and deep venous thrombosis appear to share similar clinical features. They often require intensive care, surgical intervention, and prolonged hospitalization.5,6,9 Pulmonary involvement, including pneumonia and septic pulmonary emboli, is frequent.9,11 It is possible that the causative organisms have an underlying genetic makeup, such as Panton Valentine leukocidin, that potentiates the cascade of clinical features seen in these children.6,8,10 This chapter explores the relationship of DVT and pediatric musculoskeletal infection through meta-analysis of the medical literature from the past forty years. To the extent possible, risk factors and clinical characteristics are evaluated and evaluation and treatment strategies are discussed.
