*3.2.1.1 Technical considerations*

Transumbilical incision with a 3-trocar technique has been the preferred approach; right upper quadrant or supraumbilical incisions can be useful in the setting of portal hypertension with umbilical varices or lesions in distant segments [43, 44]. Several methods were adopted to avoid instrument collision including the use of single ports with a large outer cap or self-retaining sleeves [38]. During parenchymal dissection, simultaneous in-line radiofrequency precoagulation can be used to reduce the risk of bleeding [45]. Similar to other foregut procedure, the resection specimen is placed into a retrieval bag prior to removal through the port site.
