**2.6 SPORT surgical system**

*Recent Advances in Laparoscopic Surgery*

**2.4 MiroSurge system**

*Versius surgical robotic system (©2018 CMR Surgical Ltd., UK).*

**Figure 3.**

**2.5 da Vinci SP**

visualization, advanced instrumentation, data analytics, and connectivity. The details of the appearance of the robot, function, cost, etc. have not been published.

German aerospace center (DLR) developed MiroSurge system (**Figure 4**) [8, 9]. It also has independent, light weight, and compact robotic arms for each instrument, which could be fixed directly on the operating bed. Force feedback feature is implemented to the instruments. Unique feature is that the operator can move the robotic arm directly by hand touching the arm. By using this function, for example, an assistant operator can easily make a room at bed side. Medtronic is licensed this robot.

da Vinci SP (Intuitive Surgical) is a single port surgical system [10–13]. A camera and three 6-mm instruments are bundled inside a 25-mm cannula. Thus, they can be inserted into the patient body from single incision. Each instrument has seven degrees of freedom, including "elbow" and "shoulder". The camera also has multi-bending neck, so that the camera head movement is independent of instruments, and operator can look down the devices. Although initial position of

*MiroSurge system. Reprinted by permission from Springer Nature: Springer Nature [8].*

**96**

**Figure 4.**

SPORT surgical system (TITAN Medical, Canada) is also a single port surgical system. It has two articulating instruments and a camera, in a cannula (**Figure 5**). It is under development, and the company expects its FDA clearance in 2019.
