**1. Introduction**

Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of 114 Venous Thromboembolism in Neonates, Renal Disease and Cancer Patients

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vitamin k antagonists for the long term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a Cochrane systematic review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2008; 27: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are increasingly at risk for thromboembolic events (TEEs), usually venous thromboembolism (VTE) [1]. The introduction of thalidomide and lenalidomide has clearly improved outcomes in MM patients but these immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) are also associated with higher rates of TEEs [2]. The pathogenesis of thalidomide/lenalidomide-associated thrombosis is multifactorial and poorly understood. Patients with MM who are being treated with schemes including combinations of either thalidomide or lenalidomide plus other agents should receive some form of thrombosis prophylaxis [3]. This chapter discusses the incidence, pathogenic mechanisms, prophylaxis and treatment of thalidomide/lenalidomide-associated TEEs.
