3.1 B-cell ontogenesis and maturation

B-cell ontogenesis occurs in the fetal liver, then in the bone marrow, and continues throughout life. It starts from a hematopoietic stem cell and leads to the development of a so-called "immature" B-cell with the same and unique antigenic specificity. The immature B-cell migrates to the peripheral lymphoid organs, where the different stages of maturation will take place, leading to the Ig-producing plasma cells and memory B-cells [24]. Ultra-complex regulatory mechanisms are involved during all stages of B-cell development and lead to the generation of B-cell repertoire with a vast diversity of antigen recognition capacity.
