**4.2 Current livelihood options in the study location**

**Figure 2** demonstrates the percentage of the respondents and their distribution of the livelihood options in the studied areas within the coastal zone. About 35% of the

**93**

**Figure 3.**

*Coastal Community Adaptation to Climate Change-Induced Salinity Intrusion in Bangladesh*

people were found to be associated with agricultural crop production. They make their living on producing crops for the benefits of themselves and the community they live in. However, only 3% of the people are service holders. They are the minority in the community of the coastal zones. About 10% of the people make their living running small businesses like grocery shops, running vehicle businesses, etc. Among the second majority, which is 32% of the people, are related to nonfamily daily labor activities. There is an extensive demand on fisheries for supplying fish and food sources; hence,

*Percentage of respondents and their distribution of the livelihood options in the study districts of the coastal zone.*

**Figure 3** demonstrates the sources of drinking water in the study areas. From the study, it was found that majority of the people rely on deep tube well, which amounts to 62%, since the groundwater is believed to be pure and risk-free. Nearly 21% of people rely on direct rainwater which they store by means of tank pond and other resources and use them whenever necessary. A minority of the people, which is 5%, depends on river canals. However, due to hygiene concerns, the ones who are in need and do not have sufficient resources for drinking water only rely on canal water. Nearly 23% of the people depend on ponds and canals which they use as household water. About 10% of the people depend on pond sand filters as a source of drinking water. The least number of people can afford rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) which is 2% and 9% of the people who depend on shallow tube well.

*Percentage of respondents showing their sources of drinking water supply in the study areas.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80418*

the life of 3.4% of the people depends upon fisheries.

**4.3 Sources of drinking water**

**Figure 2.**

*Coastal Community Adaptation to Climate Change-Induced Salinity Intrusion in Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80418*

**Figure 2.**

*Agricultural Economics - Current Issues*

of the coastal community people.

health aspect.

local communities for long-term sustainability.

**4.2 Current livelihood options in the study location**

*Percentage distribution of the respondents in the coastal districts during the survey.*

**4.1 Quantitative analysis from the aforementioned field survey**

information was cross-checked through FGD, and according to the discussion, the major sources of drinking water are mainly affected by cyclone in the coastal zones. People in the coastal zones have indicated that their area is largely hit by cyclone and storm surge. It appears evident through the study's FGDs and KIIs that salinity induced by cyclones and storm surge is one of the biggest problems in the coastal zone. These are positions where the community people expect the use of better technologies and support that can help provide fresh drinking water. Many NGOs are already working in the coastal zone to improve the quality of drinking water. However, climate-resilient water supply and sanitation technologies would help the

The field survey that was conducted was made comprehensive through the inclusion of interviews and focus group discussions. Some quantitative information from the survey helped to understand the basic concerns of the coastal communities. The following section shows some of the quantitative data that was collected through the survey analyses that explain the impacts of hazards on the livelihoods

A team of the BCAS went to the coastal area of Bangladesh where they interviewed a number of people living and dealing with salinity in the coastal zone. Among them, 38% of the respondents were male, and 68% of the respondents were female (**Figure 1**). The informants, cooperative and interactive, mentioned about a number of their problems and issues that they face living in the coastal zones of Bangladesh, which has implications on their livelihood, lifestyle, agriculture, and

**Figure 2** demonstrates the percentage of the respondents and their distribution of the livelihood options in the studied areas within the coastal zone. About 35% of the

**92**

**Figure 1.**

*Percentage of respondents and their distribution of the livelihood options in the study districts of the coastal zone.*

people were found to be associated with agricultural crop production. They make their living on producing crops for the benefits of themselves and the community they live in. However, only 3% of the people are service holders. They are the minority in the community of the coastal zones. About 10% of the people make their living running small businesses like grocery shops, running vehicle businesses, etc. Among the second majority, which is 32% of the people, are related to nonfamily daily labor activities. There is an extensive demand on fisheries for supplying fish and food sources; hence, the life of 3.4% of the people depends upon fisheries.

#### **4.3 Sources of drinking water**

**Figure 3** demonstrates the sources of drinking water in the study areas. From the study, it was found that majority of the people rely on deep tube well, which amounts to 62%, since the groundwater is believed to be pure and risk-free. Nearly 21% of people rely on direct rainwater which they store by means of tank pond and other resources and use them whenever necessary. A minority of the people, which is 5%, depends on river canals. However, due to hygiene concerns, the ones who are in need and do not have sufficient resources for drinking water only rely on canal water. Nearly 23% of the people depend on ponds and canals which they use as household water. About 10% of the people depend on pond sand filters as a source of drinking water. The least number of people can afford rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) which is 2% and 9% of the people who depend on shallow tube well.

#### **Figure 3.**

*Percentage of respondents showing their sources of drinking water supply in the study areas.*
