**Author details**

Yan-Rong Zhu† , Xiao-Xin Jiang† , Peng Ye, Shao-liang Chen and Dai-Min Zhang\* Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

\*Address all correspondence to: daiminzh@126.com

† These authors contributed equally.

© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**39**

*Potassium Channels in the Vascular Diseases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82474*

[1] Pugsley MK, Tabrizchi R. The vascular system: An overview of structure and function. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 2000;**44**(2):333-340. DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8719(00)00125-8

**References**

Research. 2011;**90**(3):464-474. DOI:

[8] Sun Y, Yang Z, Zheng B, et al. A novel regulatory mechanism of smooth muscle α-actin expression by NRG-1/ circACTA2/miR-548f-5p axis novelty and significance. Circulation Research. 2017;**121**(6):628-635. DOI: 10.1161/

[9] Stenmark KR, Yeager ME, El KK, et al. The adventitia: Essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function. Annual Review of

Physiology. 2013;**75**:23-47. DOI: 10.1146/

annurev-physiol-030212-183802

10.1073/pnas.1604757113

ajpcell. 1990.259.1.C3

[10] Puro DG, Kohmoto R, Fujita Y, et al. Bioelectric impact of pathological angiogenesis on vascular function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016;**113**(35):9934-9939. DOI:

[11] Nelson MT, Patlak JB, Worley JF, et al. Calcium channels, potassium channels, and voltage dependence of arterial smooth muscle tone. The American Journal of Physiology. 1990;**259**(1 Pt 1):C3-C18. DOI: 10.1152/

[12] Schmid J, Muller B, Heppeler D, et al. The unexpected role of calciumactivated potassium channels: Limitation of NO-induced arterial relaxation. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2018;**7**(7):e007808.

DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007808

calcium-dependent K<sup>+</sup>

[13] Meera P, Wallner M, Song M, et al. Large conductance voltage- and

distinct member of voltage-dependent ion channels with seven N-terminal transmembrane segments (S0–S6), an extracellular N terminus, and an intracellular (S9–S10) C terminus. Proceedings of the National Academy

channel, a

10.1093/cvr/cvr017

CIRCRESAHA.117.311441

[2] Girard JP, Springer TA. High endothelial venules (HEVs): Specialized endothelium for

lymphocyte migration. Immunology Today. 1995;**16**(9):449-457. DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80023-9

[3] Maoz BM, Herland A, Fitzgerald EA, et al. A linked organ-on-chip model of the human neurovascular unit reveals the metabolic coupling of endothelial and neuronal cells. Nature Biotechnology. 2018;**36**(9):865-874.

[4] Špiranec K, Chen W, Werner F, et al. Endothelial C-type natriuretic

[5] Grootaert M, Moulis M, Roth L, et al. Vascular smooth muscle cell death, autophagy and senescence in atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular Research. 2018;**114**(4):622-634. DOI:

[6] Bakker EN, Pistea A, Spaan JA, et al. Flow-dependent remodeling of small arteries in mice deficient for tissue-type transglutaminase: Possible compensation by macrophage-derived factor XIII. Circulation Research. 2006;**99**(1):86-92. DOI: 10.1161/01.

[7] Yu K, Zheng B, Han M, et al. ATRA activates and PDGF-BB represses the SM22alpha promoter through KLF4 binding to, or dissociating from, its cis-DNA elements. Cardiovascular

peptide acts on pericytes to regulate microcirculatory flow and blood pressure. Circulation. 2018;**138**(5):494-508. DOI: 10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033383

DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4226

10.1093/cvr/cvy007

RES.0000229657.83816.a7

*Potassium Channels in the Vascular Diseases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82474*
