*3.2.3.1 Winter dry and summer rainfall, with average day relative humidity of 55–60% (wx')*

Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Mianwali, and Multan districts are included in this region. The area is characterized by hot long moist summers and short warm dry winters. The annual total rainfall varies between 5 and 10 inches with average day relative humidity of 55–60%. The mean evapotranspiration of the region is 5.5 mm or 0.22 inches, with annual sunshine of 8–10 h/day. The number of rainy days is 10–15, while the wind speed is 2–4 knots. The mean monthly temperature ranges between 25°C and 30°C, with 35°C–40°C maxima and 10°C–20°C minima. The mean daily range of temperature is 10°C–15°C, with 30–35°C daily maximum and 15–20°C daily minimum. The extreme maximum temperature of the region varies between 45°C and 51°C, recorded in May and June, while the lowest minimum temperature is 0°C to −5°C, recorded in January. May and June are the hottest months, whereas January is the coldest month of the region.

It is the extension of the Rajasthan Desert, but due to well-developed canal system, intensive agriculture is practiced in parts of the region. The area has sandy soil, but alluvial soil has also developed near the banks of Indus and its tributaries. The eastern part of the region has sandy loams with terraces of the "Hakra River" (India), sand ridges, inter-dune valleys, and saline lakes and flats.

Natural vegetation comprises xerophytic trees, shrubs, and grasses, but some irrigated plantations have also been grown along the river−/canal banks. The pressure on these limited tracts of shrubs vegetation from fuel woodcutters is intense. Land, otherwise, is used only for livestock production, hunting, and agriculture. Due to rapid deforestation, temperature of the region increases with passage of time and the area continuously going toward severe aridity.
