*3.2.3.2 Winter dry and summer rainfall with relative humidity 40–45% (wy)*

Kach-Sibi areas fall in this region. It has hot long moist summers and warm short dry winters. The mean annual total rainfall of the area varies between 5 and 10 inches, with average day relative humidity of 40–45%. The mean annual evapotranspiration of the region is 4 mm or 0.16 inches, with mean sunshine duration of 8.2 h/day, number of rainy days 12.1, and wind speed of 2.9 knots. The mean temperature of the area is 25°C–30°C, with 30°C–35°C maxima and 10°C–15°C minima. The mean daily range of temperature varies between 15 and 20°C, with 35–40°C daily maximum and 15°C–20°C daily minimum. In Sibi, more than 50°C maximum temperature has been recorded for three times in June, making it the hottest region of the country. The lowest minimum temperature of the area is −3.3°C, recorded in January, the coldest month of the region.

Aridity prevail the whole region, with less fertile sandy soil. Kachhi plain is a desert, with no vegetation. However, in the irrigated areas, the natural vegetation in general is xerophytes with shrubs and grasslands, with medium size trees. The area is mostly used for grazing, where there are karezes and there are some agriculture patches of land.

#### *3.2.3.3 Winter dry and summer rainfall with relative humidity of 50–55% (wx)*

The region consists of Khanpur and the upper irrigated Sind. The annual total rainfall of the region is less than 5 inches with annual day relative humidity of 55–60%. The summers are long hot and moist, while the winters are warm short and dry. The annual evapotranspiration is 6.7 mm or 0.27 inches (Jacobabad),

and sunshine is 8.7 h/day. The number of rainy days is 5–10, with a wind speed of 2–4 knots. The mean monthly temperature varies between 25°C and 30°C, with 35°C–40°C maxima and 10°C–20°C minima. The mean daily range is 10–15°C, with 30–35°C daily maximum and 15–20°C daily minimum temperature. The highest maximum temperature of the region is 45°C–52°C recorded in May and June, while the lowest minimum temperature is 0°C to −5°C, recorded in January and December.

The soil of the region used to be subjected to annual flooding before the river embankments were constructed, and because of this, the soils are rich loamy and clayey. High water tables have caused water logging and salinization problems, and the land is unproductive for agriculture growth.

Agriculture is the main activity in this zone, but there are also areas of rough grazing, riverine forest, and tracts of flooded backswamps. Wood resources come from riverine forests and trees on farmlands, much of which is used for firewood or send to Baluchistan as a mining timber.
