**5. Conclusion**

Climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector is considered a striking strategy to manage the impacts of climate change. Theoretically, climate change adaptation is a new field and it creates a space for experimentation and new forms of governance. In recent years, subnational governments have shown that they have an effective role in dealing with climate change. The subnational government Punjab is firmly committed to addressing the challenge of climate change.

This study has found that the province is actively dealing with the consequences of climate change. They have been taking initiatives for climate adaptation for the agriculture sector in the province. The government has launched a major awareness campaign in the province. Moreover, institutional capacity enhancement, promotion of climate change research, establishment of linkage with academics, enhancement of capacity building, and involvement of farmers' community in climate adaptation for agriculture sectors are some of other important steps taken by Punjab province. It is pointed out that autonomous adaptation is also taking place in the province. The identified autonomous adaptation practices include changing planting dates, changing crops types, changing fertilizers, and planting shade trees. Our study identified the drivers behind planned and autonomous level adaptation. These differences at planned level adaptation are primarily driven by coordination among the respective departments, engagement with academics, and availability of financial resources. On the other hand, autonomous initiatives of the province are mainly driven by the previous experiences of farmers, sustainability in agriculture production, and knowledge sharing. The study found that the adaptation strategies are being transformed from one place to another place within the province and outside the province. This transformation is happening by successful experience sharing among the farmer community. Moreover, the study identified key challenges for adaptation to climate change in the province. These challenges are in the form of lack of institutional and human capacity, scarcity of financial resources, lack of research and innovation, and integration of adaptation policy with other related policies.
