**2.10** *Xylopia aromatic*

*X. aromatica* (Lam.) Mart. belongs to the family Annonaceae and the accepted name is *X. xylopioides*. It is a tree native to Cerrado grassland vegetation, particularly in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais, in eastern Brazil. It is a mediumsized tree with long, hanging branches that can make the crown look like a Christmas tree. Leaves are alternate, narrow, pointed, in a flat plane and arranged regularly along the branches. It is a common roadside and farmland species of the Pacific slope, not in the forest [33]. The root wood and root bark hexane extracts demonstrated an *in vitro* antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistance (FcB1/Colombia) strains of *P. falciparum* with IC50 of 4.7 ± 0.9 and 6.8 ± 0.6 μg/mL, respectively [30].

#### **2.11** *Aspidosperma macrocarpon*

*A. macrocarpon* Mart. (Apocynaceae) is a deciduous tree with an open crown growing up to 3–25 m tall and 25-35 cm in diameter. It is a timber tree, native to Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru. Traditionally, it is employed in the treatment of fever [33]. The *in vitro* antiplasmodial study of the ethanol extract revealed an effective activity against *P. falciparum* (chloroquine-resistance FcB1/ Colombia) with an IC50 of 4.9 ± 1.1 μg/mL [30].
