*7.1.3.3 Other chemical methods*

Other chemical methods are ferric nitrilotriacetate, ditizona, and anti-insulin serum [30].

## *7.1.4 Surgical model of DM*

This model employs more recently partial pancreatectomy with large resection (over 80% of the pancreas in rats) required to obtain mild to moderate hyperglycemia. Another technique is complete removal of the pancreas (total pancreatectomy). Few researchers have employed this model due to the limitations of the technique which include high technical expertise and adequate surgical room environment, major surgery and high risk of animal infection, adequate postoperative

analgesia and antibiotic administration, supplementation, and loss of pancreatic counter regulatory response to hyperglycemia [30].
