**3.9** *Opuntia ficus*

*O. ficus-indica* (L.) of the family Cactaceae is species of cactus that has long been domesticated. It is commonly known as prickly pear or Nopal cactus. It originated from Mexico and cultivated in other parts of the world including Mediterranean Basin, Middle East and northern Africa [50]. A study by Sánchez et al. [47], revealed the anti-cholera activity of the methanol cladode extract of *O. ficus*, with minimum bactericidal concentrations against O139 (AI-1837) and O1 (569-B) *V. cholera* strains to be 3 ± 0.05 and 3 ± 0.1, respectively.
