*5.1.2.1 PCR*

The use of PCR is increasing in recent years and it has replaced the serological methods in endemic areas, because it is more sensitive and has capacity to give early

**51**

**Figure 4.**

**Figure 3.**

*Leptospirosis: Rising Nuisance for Cattle and Threat to Public Health*

urine or blood is 10–100 leptospires/mL (**Figures 3** and **4**) [50, 57].

*Specificity of different diagnostic tests during acute phase of leptospirosis [56, 58].*

*Sensitivity of different diagnostic tests during acute phase of leptospirosis [58].*

diagnosis. Real-time PCR is faster than regular PCR [56]. The threshold level in the

In recent years, many isothermal amplification techniques are developed like isothermal technique [59]. This technique can be used as alternative to the PCR. There is no need for constant maintenance of temperature at 60–65°C and no thermal recycler is required; so, these things make it best for developing countries.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82211*

*5.1.2.2 Isothermal methods*

*Leptospirosis: Rising Nuisance for Cattle and Threat to Public Health DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82211*

diagnosis. Real-time PCR is faster than regular PCR [56]. The threshold level in the urine or blood is 10–100 leptospires/mL (**Figures 3** and **4**) [50, 57].
