**2.1 Prevalence of leptospirosis**

Worldwide, the prevalence of animal leptospirosis is reported between 2 and 46% depending upon animal species [12]. More than 15 serogroups of *Leptospira* is observed and isolated from cattle, for example, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona and grippotyphosa, etc. (Rocha). Seroprevalence of different serovars

**47**

**Table 2.**

**Figure 1.**

**Table 1.**

*Leptospirosis: Rising Nuisance for Cattle and Threat to Public Health*

*Main characteristics of pathogenic and trophic genome Leptospira spp. [20].*

Rats Icterohaemorrhagiae, Copenhageni

Malaysia 1987 MAT Cattle

Pakistan 2018 Indirect ELISA Cattle

Cattle Hardjo, Pomona Horse Bratislava Dog Canicola Sheep Hardjo

Bats Cynopteri, Wolffi

2011

2014

*Prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in different countries of Asia.*

*Typical reservoir hosts of Leptospira.*

India 1983

Sri Lanka 2011

**Reservoir host Serovar Reference** Pigs Pomona, Tarassovi [8]

**Country Year Diagnostic methods Specie Prevalence% Reference**

Iran 2011 MAT Cattle 19.10 [39]

Bangladesh 2015 ELISA Cattle 47.27 [41]

Cattle —

Buffalo

Cattle Cattle

Buffalo

68 87

40.5 31

20.31 12.2

25.52 20.72 [35] [36]

[37]

[38] [6]

[40]

— MAT

MAT Nested PCR

is different in all countries or regions. *L. bratislava* and *L. grippotyphosa* are more in Spain in those cattle which do not have good reproductive health [21]. Latin American countries, like Venezuela, have high prevalence of leptospirosis (80.51%) along with predominance of Sejroe serovar. Lesser incidence (2.6%) of disease has been observed in Peru during desiccated season when there are less chances for bacterial survival and transmission [24]. Similar results have been observed in Colombia and Mexico with the prevalence of 16.4–60.9% and 28.4–52%, respectively [25, 26]. Particularly, in countries like India, the bovine leptospirosis is highly

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82211*
