**3.1** *Bovine tuberculosis*

*Bovine tuberculosis* is a chronic bacterial disease of cattle that sometimes affects other mammalian species. This disease is a major animal disease that can be transmitted to humans, usually by inhaling aerosol or ingestion of unpasteurized milk. The model strategy for the control of diseases in domestic animals includes regular field trials, quarantine, and sanitary wards for infected herds [4]. This prevents the spread of the disease outside the population, while slaughtering infected animals reduces infection from within the farm.

A system of control for the tuberculosis disease in cattle (TB) is by the examination of cattle, which includes slaughtering positive animals (system of test and slaughter) along with the isolation of herds and inducing herd immunization against the disease by vaccination [5]. The health state of the herd is represented by integrating mathematical formulations that express the period of herd quarantine (isolation). The system of TB control in New Zealand can be applied and used as an example (vaccination as control strategy). The induction of such system suggests that vaccine efficacy is more than 95%, reaching 95% of target TB levels within

**5**

*Introductory Chapter: Bacterial Cattle Diseases - Economic Impact and Their Control*

and vector control may be more promising than vaccination alone [5, 6].

**3.2** *Campylobacter enteritis* **(Vibrionic enteritis, vibriosis)**

6 years. These results suggest that the complementary strategy for immunization

Intestinal campylobacteriosis occurs by *Campylobacter jejuni* or *Campylobacter coli*. Although they compete in the digestive system of many species, they can cause diarrhea, especially in small animals. *Campylobacter fetus* can also cause reproductive diseases and abortion in cattle. *Campylobacter* spp., especially *C. jejuni* and *C. coli*, are a major cause of enteritis in humans. Additional species cause venereal diseases in sheep and cattle. Many animals carry *Campylobacter* spp. without any symptoms, throwing the organism in their feces or stools. Bulls can be vaccinated

Vaccinations are also available for cows and make the animal very resistant to infection. It can help biosecurity and the examination of bulls purchased in the identification of the disease. If the ox has to be bought, the best policy is the younger the better. If you are forced to buy a mature bull, use antibiotics before using it to breed cows and use them on a small number of cows only so that their fertility can be recorded before they are used for service in the original herd.

Anthrax is caused by *Bacillus anthracis*, a spore and a gram-positive rod in the Bacillaceae family. The anthrax is completely malignant with plasmid pX01, which denotes the trioxide complex of the protein, and pX02, which encodes the capsule genes. *B. anthracis* is very homogenous genetically. However, researchers identified several genetically distinct groups that appear to be derived from cloned animals. Some of these clones are distributed worldwide, while others are in limited geographical areas [1, 5]. Infection is usually acquired through the ingestion of contaminated soil, feed, or mixed fodder. Anthrax spores in soil are very resistant and can cause disease when ingested even after years of outbreaks, the spores are brought to the surface due to wet weather or by deep tillage. When the disease appears or is inhaled by ruminants, the disease appears. In the event of an outbreak, the bodies of succumbed animals should be buried or burned properly and the carcass or body forbidden be open (because exposure to air results in forming spores). The buildings, region, or houses should be put under quarantine until all susceptible animals are vaccinated. A prophylactic measure by vaccination in endemic areas is utmost significant. In spite of vaccination seeming to prevent outbreaks, veterinary authorities may forget to vaccinate susceptible animals when the disease does not occur for several years (spores of the anthrax stay alive for long intervals), so the risk is always present. Anthrax disease is recorded in the list of the World Health Organization (WHO), Animal Health Code (OIE), 2011, (Article 1.2.3) and must be reported to the OIE

(Chapter 1.1.2—Disease Notification and Epidemiological Information).

The disease results from certain serotypes of *Pasteurella multocida*, a gramnegative coccobacillus, which is often used as a nasopharyngeal animal. The Asian cultivar B:2 and the African serotype E:2 (Carter and Heddleston classification), corresponding to the classification of 6:B and 6:E (Namioka-Carter), are the two

**4. Bacterial respiratory affections**

**4.1 Hemorrhagic septicemia**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83635*

annually against the campylobacteriosis [5].

**3.3 Anthrax**

6 years. These results suggest that the complementary strategy for immunization and vector control may be more promising than vaccination alone [5, 6].
