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immunoglobulin-like proteins

**60**

Chapter 5

Abstract

Joseph K.N. Kuria

and the cost of control.

1. Introduction

63

Keywords: bacterial diseases, cattle, mycobacteria

Diseases Caused by Bacteria in

Tuberculosis is an infectious, chronic or acute, localized or disseminated granulomatous disease that affects all animal species, caused by members of the genus mycobacteria. In cattle, the disease is caused by obligatory pathogenic and opportunistic species of mycobacteria and is transmitted between animals mainly through inhalation. It is a major public health concern and humans are infected chiefly through consumption of raw animal products. The disease is characterized by progressive emaciation, which may be terminally fatal. Pathological lesions comprising of be caseous or calcified granulomas are found mainly in the respiratory tract but animals infected through ingestion develop lesions in the lymph nodes of the head and the mesentery. Lesions may disseminate to involve other internal organs and tissues. Histologically, lesions manifest typical granulomas with a necrotic center surrounded by inflammatory cells and a fibrous capsule. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, antemortem tests, and postmortem examination. Culture, isolation, and identification of the organism are confirmatory tests. The disease is a listed under the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the main method of control is testing and slaughter of affected animals. The importance of the disease is the zoonosis, loss in productivity in affected animals,

Tuberculosis in cattle is of serious public health as well as economic concern worldwide but more so in developing world. The disease is a zoonosis, transmitted from animals to humans mainly through the consumption of raw animal products especially milk. Human infections are therefore prevalent in communities with poor food hygiene and unsanitary cultural practices [1]. The resultant disease manifestation is largely similar to the human-type tuberculosis, with socioeconomic costs of stigma, reduced productivity, mortality, and cost of treatment. Rigorous control and eradication programs have drastically reduced transmission to humans in the developed world but in the developing world, it remains a serious threat to human health. Animal to animal transmission is mainly through the inhalation of infective respiratory aerosols. Production systems that involve close contact between animals promote transmission. The disease is listed under World Animal Health Organization (OIE) and therefore a restriction to trade in animals and animal products. Other costs include reduced animal productivity and the cost of control.

Cattle: Tuberculosis
