**1.2 Socioeconomic effect of brucellosis**

Brucella causes abortion in pregnant cow or premature calving, death of young animals, birth of weak calves, stillbirth, delayed calving, sterility, retained placenta, male infertility followed by a decrease in milk yield [1, 5]. The death is due to *mastitis* and *hygromas* in African cattle. *Vesiculitis, epididymis* and *orchitis* are characteristic in the bull which sometimes leads to *testicular abscesses, metritis* and life infertility. In pregnant animals, a visible swelling of the mammary gland around the naval region followed by bleeding from the vagina is not common in pregnant animals infected with *Brucella*. Enlargement of the udder indicates a high level of bacteria in shredded milk, urine and vagina discharge.
