**5. Conclusion**

Attempts to preserve historical cities and cultural heritage are very few compared to the historical richness of the world. We highlight the historical identity when preserving our heritage. It is necessary to increase the degree of interest that strengthens the balance between historical and heritage wealth and the achievements of preserving it.

The preservation of heritage in all its forms poses a number of unique problems. The issue must consider in terms of the cultural, economic, and political values of the society in which it exists. The problem of financing is one of the most important obstacles to accomplish this task. It is necessary to cooperate with the governmental and private sectors at the local level. It is also possible to involve the international institutes interested in this aspect, because heritage is a human achievement.

The participation of people in preserving their heritage, identity, and awareness of its importance is considered as an effective factor in achieving the sustainability of these inheritances through a successful program of sustainable development. The legislation and administrative procedures are important for the success of conservation operations.

This can be achieved through granting people incentives and supporting them to participate in maintaining to encourage them stay in the city and preserve it. It is necessary to study the environmental importance of the old city, open spaces, gardens, and infrastructure, and involve the population in developing protection plans in cooperation with the competent authority. It is also useful to encourage tourism to the old city without harming it. This makes the population feel that they are materially benefiting from the tourists and that their cultural property deserves maintenance and protection because it is part of the world heritage.

Therefore, this awareness should start from people, society, and enterprise to achieve our goal of preserving heritage buildings and historic cities, in order to preserve the cultural and urban identity. We should also bear in mind the importance of the contribution of heritage protection in sustainability and sustainable development, which varies from case to another, during the three "pillars": the social dimension, the economic, and the environmental dimension.

Finally, we must emphasize that the overlap of several aspects is needed to achieve a successful preservation experience of a city. These aspects are planning, designing, housing and construction, laws and legislation as well as the field of tourism, preservation of the architectural heritage, infrastructure, services, environment and community participation with media to activate the sense of responsibility, awareness of the importance of the city, and its cultural and historical value.

Conservation should also include traditional and local architecture, as it always places the option of preserving through rehabilitation and letting the inherited buildings up-to-date.

*Introductory Chapter: Heritage Conservation - Rehabilitation of Architectural and Urban… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86670* 
