3.1.1 Çengel Khan

It is located in historic Ulus district, on the southwest side of the castle (Figure 4). According to its inscription panel, it was built in 1522–1523 by Rustem Pasha [28, 55]. It has an open-courtyard plan type constructed in masonry technique with stone and brick. Thanks to the sloppy topography of the site, two-story building has also a basement floor on the southwest side. The only entrance to the building is from the northeast façade, along which shops/stores are aligned. Its latest restoration was completed in 2005, and the building has started to be used as a museum with stores and a café, hence created new job opportunities. Adaptation of Çengel Khan to an exclusive cultural, social, and educational place attracts many local and international tourists. During the latest restoration, a steel and glass rooftop was added above the central courtyard, and thus, the courtyard could be used as an exhibition hall (Figure 5). Another new addition is observable on the basement floor, in the form of a rectangular room with large wooden windows at the southwest facade, used as a permanent exhibition area (Figure 5). On that facade, there is another rear addition located above the masonry walls (Figure 5). Similarly, wood and glass storefronts with wooden pillars and slightly sloppy awnings alongside the northeast façade of the building were added during the last restoration works (Figure 5). The masjid above the entrance vault changed its function, and this part was renovated with large wooden windows and started to be used as a café (Figure 5). Hence, in Çengel Khan, front, rear, rooftop, and storefront exterior additions are observable, all attached during 2003–2005 restoration works in order to meet the requirements of new function and usage of the building (Figures 5 and 6). Interior additions, on the other hand, are mostly seen in wet spaces and in the form of mechanical installations (Figure 7). Scale of interventions in both exterior and interior new additions is small, reversible, and differentiated with its material, form, and color, thus compatible with the old building.

#### Figure 4.

A map showing the location of case study historic buildings with compatible new additions in ulus district. (A) Çengel khan, (B) Çukur khan, and (C) Zağfiran khan (Safran/Zafran) [54].

Figure 5.

Çengel khan: Rooftop addition covering the courtyard, exterior (a) [56] and interior views (b), completion of side walls above the entrance vault and storefront additions (c) and views from rear additions (d, e, and f) [39].

Figure 6. Ground floor plan drawing of Çengel khan with new additions shown in different colors (source: Rearranged from [56]).
